Question | Answer |
Asthma Pharmacology Flash Cards Nursing Review | References Pharmacology for Nursing Care, Richard Lehne, c. 2010 |
What are the two classifications for main drugs to treat asthma | anti-inflammatory agents and bronchodilators |
Three advantages to asthma drugs | 1. drug is delivered to site of action 2. minimal systemic effects 3. relief is rapid |
What are the primary drugs used to treat asthma? | glucocorticoids - anti-inflammatory beta2 agonists- anti-inflammatory |
Name the three types of inhalers and the nursing implications. | 1. MDI 2. Dry Powder 3. Nebulizer Implication: Demonstrate, verbalize, and provide literature for the use and schedule of medications |
When these drugs are taken long term the drug can cause adrenal suppression and bone loss | inhaled glucocorticoids |
Measures to prevent bone loss in the use of oral/inhaled glucocorticoids | use a low dose, take calcium and Vit. D, weight bearing exercise |
What are 3 MOAs of glucocorticoids | reduces/stops inflammatory mediators, decreases activity of inflammatory cells, decreases edema in airway ( decreasing mucous) |
A patient complains of a white tongue and their voice is hoarse, what reaction could this be? | A reaction to inhaled glucocorticoids, oropharyngeal candidiasis and dysphonia |
How are mild adverse reactions to Inhaled glucocorticoids treated/prevented? | tx: candidiasis with antifungal, prevent by gargling , use a spacer |
The nurse questions giving oral glucocorticoids when systemic fungal infection/ a person receiving a live virus vaccine, why? | Oral Glucocorticoids are contraindicated |
Inhaled Glucocorticoids are contraindicated when | a pt has persistent positive sputum for Candida albicans |
A patient on long term glucocorticoid therapy is being prepared for survey, what needs to be done | patient must given oral or IV glucocorticoid for stress ( trauma, surgery, infection) |
What are primary goals for Acute Severe Exacerbation of Asthma? | relieve airway obstructionand hypoxemia, normal lungs ASAP |
What is therapy for Acute Severe Exacerbations? | Oxygen,oral glucocorticoid , nebulizer -SABA, nebulizer- ipratropium, IV magnesium sulfate or helix ( inhale) , discharge: oral : 5-10 days with medium inhaln. |
List the Anti-inflammatory drugs: | Glucocorticoids ( oral /Inhaled), Leukotirene Modifiers ( oral) , Cromolyn and Nedocromil ( inhaled) , IgE Antagonist |
List the Bronchodialtors: | Beta2-Adrenergic Agonists ( inhaled. oral) , Methylxanthines, Anticholinergics |
What is the usual dose for MDI or DPI with SABA? | PRN, abort an attack, 30 -60 minutes, for 3-5 hours |
A patient with recent attack ( 30 minutes) showing signs of tachycardia, angina and tremor , is this a concern? | assess pt after use of SABA this may be SABA reaction |
A patient on methyxanthine/Theophylne/Theo-24 is going to new coffee shop for espresso, whats the concern? | Theophylline-similar to caffeine -effects on CNS and heart increase, caffeine competes, theophylline levels will rise |
What is the MOA of Theophyline? | relaxes smooth muscle of bronchi |
What is MOA of Anticholinergic drugs? | block muscarnic receptors |
What are anticholinergic drugs approved for? | COPD, off label for asthma |
Name two fixed dose combos of Gluco and LABA? | Fluticasone/Salmetrol, Budenoside/Formoterol |
Three tests that measure lung function? | FEV1, FVC, Peak Expiratory flow |
What are the two primary goals to tx asthma? | reduce impairment, reduce risk |
Long term care drugs for asthma? | Antinflammatory: GLuco( oral/Inhln) , Leukotrien modifier, cromoln and nedocromil, Omalizumab, Broncho: LABAs, LABO, Theophylline |
Short term care drugs for asthma? | SABAs, Anticholinergics, Systemic Glucocoticoids |
| |
| |