Question | Answer |
Which of the following is NOT a major endocrine organ, but produces hormones in addition to its major function? | Kidneys |
Steroid hormones influence cellular activities by: | binding to DNA and forming a gene-hormone complex. |
Sympathetic nerve stimuli are responsible for the release of: | epinephrine |
The chemical classification of hormones does NOT include: | glucose-containing hormones. |
The metabolic rate of most body tissues is controlled directly by: | TH |
The secretion of parathyroid hormone is a good example of: | humoral stimuli. |
The stimulus for producing insulin is: | high blood glucose concentration. |
The transcription of new messenger RNA is a function of: | steroid hormones. |
Which of the following elements is required for the synthesis of thyroid hormone? | Iodine |
The hypophyseal portal system transports releasing and inhibiting hormones from the hypothalamus to the: | anterior pituitary gland (adenohypophysis). |
Which of the following signals would affect local cells by releasing chemicals into the extracellular fluid? | Paracrine |
Which of the following is the property in which a hormone CANNOT exhibit its full effect without another hormone? | Permissiveness |
Which of the following is NOT a true hormone, but, rather, a trophic substance? | TSH |
Which of the following organs is considered a neuroendocrine organ? | Hypothalamus |
Eicosanoids are not true hormones because they: | they act locally, not on distal organs as do true hormones. |
How do protein kinases affect enzymes? | They add a phosphate group (phosphorylation) to the enzyme |
The "hormone response element" is located on the cell: | DNA |
The binding of a hormone to its "hormone response element" would lead to the: | transcription of the DNA for the gene that is "turned on" by this event. |
Water-soluble hormones exhibit the shortest: | half-life. |
The normal endocrine controls can be directly overridden by the _________ system. | nervous |
POMC is a prohormone for: | ACTH |
Excess growth hormone would cause all the following, except: | suppression of cancer. |
Hypersecretion of ADH can occur in all of the following situations, except: | damage to the pineal gland. |
Iodination of thyroid hormones is mediated by: | peroxidase enzymes. |
A congenital condition that includes mental retardation, short disproportional body size, and a thick tongue and neck is caused by: | deficiency of thyroxin. |
Osteitis fibrosa cystica is caused by: | an increase in the parathyroid hormone. |
Insulin enhances the membrane transport of glucose in all of the following, except the: | brain |
Resistin, an insulin antagonist, is a hormone produced by the: | adipose tissue. |
Which of the following hormones does the skin produce? | Cholecalciferol |
Somatostatin is considered paracrine because it acts on: | cells other than those that secrete it. |
Endocrinology involves the study of the endocrine organs and ______________. | hormones |
Which of the following is not an endocrine gland? | Adenoid gland |
Autocrines are long-distance chemical signals that travel in blood or lymph throughout the body. | False |
Steroids are synthesized from: | Cholesterol |
Any given hormone will influence the activity of ___________. | its target cells |
In which of the following mechanisms of hormone action do intracellular calcium ions act as a final mediator? | PIP2-calcium signaling mechanism |
Down-regulation involves the loss of receptors and prevents the target cells from overreacting to persistently high hormone levels. | True |
When one hormone opposes the action of another hormone, the interaction is called _____. | antagonism |
Which of the following occurs within a negative feedback system? | Target organ effects inhibit further hormone release. |
Which of the following is not one of the three major types of stimuli to trigger endocrine glands to manufacture and release their hormones? | endocrinal stimuli |
The anterior pituitary is known as the "master endocrine gland" because it controls the hypothalamus. | False |
Which of the following stimulates most body cells to increase in size and divide? | Growth hormone |
Which of the following homeostatic imbalances results from hyposecretion of growth hormone? | Pituitary dwarfism |
Which of the following hormones stimulates gamete (sperm or egg) production? | Follicle-stimulating hormone |
As blood levels of ___________ rise, the expulsive contractions of labor gain momentum and finally end in birth. | oxytocin |
Which of the following is not one of the areas in which thyroid hormone (TH) plays an important role? | Helping the body avoid dehydration and water overload |
The cells found within the parathyroid gland that secrete parathyroid hormone are called _______. | chief cells |
Which of the following conditions, if left untreated, progresses to respiratory paralysis and death? | Hypoparathyroidism |
Which of the following homeostatic imbalances usually results from deficits in both glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids? | Addison's disease |