Question | Answer |
cyto | cell |
histo | tissue |
karyo | nucleus |
nucleo | nucleus |
antero | anterior, front |
caudo | tail |
cranio | cranium |
disto | far, fathest |
dorso | back |
intero | lower, below |
latero | side |
medio | middle |
postero | back, behind, |
proximo | near, nearest |
ventro | belly |
abdomino | abdomen |
cervico | neck, cervix uteri |
cranio | cranium |
gastro | stomach |
ilio | ilium |
inguino | groin |
lumbo | loins |
pelvi, pelvo | pelvis |
spino | spine |
thoraco | chest |
umbilico | umbilicus, navel |
albino | white |
leuko | white |
chloro | green |
chromo | color |
cirrho | yellow |
jaundo | yellow |
xantho | yellow |
cyano | blue |
erythro | red |
melano | black |
polio | gray |
acro | extremity |
etio | cause |
idio | unknown, peculiar |
morpho | form, shape, structure |
patho | disease |
radio | radiation, x-ray, radius |
somato | body |
sono | sound |
viscero | internal organs |
xero | dry |
genesis | forming, etc |
gnosis | knowing |
gram | record, writing |
graph | instrument for recording |
graphy | process of recording |
logist | specialist |
logy | study of |
meter | instrument for measuring |
metry | act of measuring |
pathy | disease |
ab | from, away from |
ad | toward |
hetero | different |
homeo | same |
infra | below, under |
peri | around |
super | upper, above |
trans | across, through |
ultra | excess, beyond |
ant | anterior |
AP | anteroposterior |
Bx | biopsy |
CBC | complete blood count |
CT | computed tomography |
DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid |
DSA | digital subtraction angiography |
Dx | diagnosis |
FS | frozen section |
I | incision and drainage |
LAT | lateral |
LLQ | left lower quadrant |
LUQ | left upper quadrant |
MRI | magnetic resonance imaging |
PET | positron emission tomography |
post | posterior |
RF | rheumatoid factor, radio freq |
RLQ | right lower quadrant |
RUQ | right upper quadrant |
sono | sonogram |
SPECT | single photon emission computed tomography |
Sx | symptom |
Tx | treatment |
UA | urinalysis |
U | upper & lower |
US | ultrasound ultrasonography |
dehiscence | bursting open of a wound, especially a surgical abdominal wound |
suppurative | producing or associated with generation of pus |
fluoroscopy | radiographic technique - x-rays directed through the body to a fluorescent screen that displays continuous motion images of internal structures (motion of organs, Dig tract, heart, joints, place catheters) |
curretage | scraping of body cavity with a spoon-shaped instrument called a curette |
adhesion | abnormal fibrous band that holds or binds together tissues that are normally separated |
analyte | substance analyzed or tested, generally by means of laboratory methods |
contrast medium | substance injected into the body, introduced via catheter, or swallowed to facilitate radiographic images of internal structures that otherwise are difficult to visualize on x-ray films |
febrile | feverish, pertaining to a fever |
homeostasis | relative constancy or balance in the internal environment of the body, maintained by processes of feedback and adjustment in response to external or internal changes |
inflammation | body defense against injury, infection or allergy that is marked by redness, swelling, heat, pain and sometimes, loss of function |
morbid | diseased, pertaining to a disease |
nuclear medicine | branch of medicine concerned with the use of radioactive substances for diagnosis, treatment, and research |
radiology | medical specialty concerned with the use of electromagnetic radiation, ultrasound, and imaging techniques for dx and tx of disease and injury |
interventional radiology | radiological practice that employs fluoroscopy, CT, and ultrasound in nonsurgical tx of various disorders |
therapeutic radiology | use of ionizing radiation in the tx of cancer, also called radiation oncology |
radionuclides | substances that emit radiation spontaneously, also called tracers |
radiopharmaceutical | radionuclide attached to a protein, or other substance used to visualize an organ or area of the body that will be scanned |
scan | term used to describe a computerized image by modality or by structure |
sepsis | pathological state, usually febrile, resulting from the presence of microorganisms or their products in the bloodstream |
endoscopy | visual exam of a body cavity or canal using a specialized lighted instrument called an endoscope |
laparoscopy | visual exam of the organs of the pelvis and abdomen through very samll incisions in the abdominal wall |
thoracoscopy | exam of the lungs, pleura, and pleural space with a scope inserted through a small incision between the ribs |
complete blood count | common blood test that counts RBC, WBC, and platelets, measures Hemoglobin, estimales red cell volume, and sorts WBC into five subtypes with percentages |
urinalysis | common urine screening test that evaluates the physical, chemical and microscopic properties of urine |
computed tomography | achieved by rotating an x-ray emitter around the area to be scanned and measuring the intensity of transmitted rays from different angles (tumor, bone displacement, fluid acc.) |
Doppler | ultrasound technique used to detect and measure blood-flow velocity and direction through the cardiac chambers, valves and peripheral vessels by reflecting sound waves off moving blood cells |
magnetic resonance imaging | noninvasive imaging technique that uses radiowaves and a strong magnetic field rather than an x-ray beam to produce multiplanar cross-sectional images (CNS) |
nuclear scan | diagnostic technique that uses a radioactive material (tracer) that is introduced to the body and a specialized camera to produce images of organs and structures |
PET | scanning technique using CT to record the positrons emitted from a radiopharm, that produces a cross-sectinoal image of metabolic activity in tissues to determine presence of disease (brain, NS - schizo, tumors, epilepsy, stroke, alzheimer, card&pul) |
radiography | imaging technique that uses xrays passed through the body or area and captured on a film, called xray (denser - white, softer - gray) |
SPECT | radiological technique that integrates CT and tracer injected to visualize blood flow to tissues and organs (tracer is not absorbed (as in PET), blood flow through a&v in brain) |
tomography | radiographic technique that produces an image representing a detailed cross-section, or slice, of an area, tissue, or organ at a predetermined depth (CT, PET, SPECT) |
ultrasonography (US) | imaging procedure using high-freq sound waves that disply the reflected echoes on a monitor - echo/echography (no xray - fetus, neck, abdomen, pelvis, brain, heart) |
biopsy | representative tissue sample removed from a body site for microscopic exam |
frozen section biopsy | ultra-thin slice of tissue cut from a frozen specimen for immediate path. exam. (onco in OR) |
needle biopsy | removal of small tissue sample for exam using a hollow needle, usually attached to a syringe |
punch biopsy | removal of a small core of tissue using a hollow instrument (punch) - anesthetic & suture |
shave biopsy | removal of tissue using a surgical blade to shave elevated lesions |
ablation | removal of a part, pathway, or function by surgery, chemical destruction, electrocautery, freezing, or radio freq. |
anastomosis | surgical joining of two ducts, vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to another |
cauterize | destroy tissue by electricity, freezing, heat, or corrosive chemicals |
incision and drainage | inciscion made to allow the free flow or withdrawal of fluids from a wound or cavity |
radical dissection | surgical removal of tissue in an extensive area surrounding the surgical site in an attempt to excise all tissue that may be malignant and decrease the chance of recurrence |
laser surgery | surgical technique employing a device that emits intense heat and power at close range to cut, burn, vaporize, or destroy tissues |
resection | partial excision of a bone, organ, or other structure |