Question | Answer |
*Spherical grape-like clusters
*Produces toxins & enzymes
*Transmission: Direct Contact (most common), Indirect Contact
*Portals of Entry/Exit: Broken Skin, GI Tract, Respiratory Tract | Staphylococcus aureus |
Name some of the diseases caused by Staphylococcus aureus | *Most Common- Skin Abscess
*Food Poisoning
*Nosocomial Infections
*Toxic Shock Syn.
*Impetigo
*Scalded Skin Syn. |
*Spherical chain-like arr.
*Beta-hemolytic Group A
*Produces toxins & enzymes
*Transmission: Direct Contact (most common), Indirect Contact
*Portals: Respiratory Tract, Broken Skin | Streptococcus pyogenes |
Name some of the diseases caused by Streptococcus pyogenes | *Most Common-Strep Throat (Septic Sore Throat, Pharyngitis)
*Scarlet Fever
*Rheumatic Fever
*Puerperal Sepsis (Childbirth Fever)
*Toxic Shock Syn.
*Impetigo
*Erysipelas (St. Anthony's Fire) |
*Spherical chain-like arr.
*AKA: Pneumococcus
*Produces a capsule
*Transmission: Direct Droplet Contact, Indirect Contact
*Portals: Respiratory Tract | Streptococcus pneumoniae |
Name some of the diseases caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae | *Lobar Pneumonia
*Otitis Media (Mid. Ear Infection)
*Meningitis |
*Spherical
*AKA: Gonococcus
*Produces Pili/fibriae
*Transmission: Direct Contact (most common), Indirect Contact
*Portals: Genitourinary Tract, Eyes | Neisseria gonorrhoeae |
Name the diseases that can be caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae | *Gonorrhea
*Ophthalmia Neonatorum |
*Spherical
*AKA: Meningococcus
*Transmission: Direct Droplet Contact, Indirect Contact
*Portals: Respiratory Tract | Neisseria meningitidis |
Name the diseases caused by Neisseria meningitidis | *Epidemic Meningitis (Meningococcemia) |
*Rod Shaped
*Most virulent strain of salmonella
*Most Common Transmission:Oral Fecal Route (indirect)
*Portals: Gastrointestinal Tract | Salmonella typhi |
Name the disease caused by Salmonella typhi | Typhoid Fever |
*Rod Shaped
*Most virulent strain of shigella
*Transmission: Indirect
*Portals: Gastrointestinal Tract | Shigella dysenteriae |
Name the disease caused by Shigella dysenteriae | Shigellosis
AKA Bacillary Dysentery |
*Rod Shaped
*Transmission: Indirect Contact
*Portals: Gastrointestinal Tract, Urinary Tract | Escherichia coli |
Name the diseases caused by Escherichia coli | *Different forms of gastroenteritis
*Most common cause of UTIs |
*Rod Shaped
*Produces a capsule
*Ability to translocate to the lungs
*Transmission: Direct, Indirect, Opportunistic
*Portals: GI Tract, Urinary Tract, Respiratory Tract | Klebsiella pneumoniae |
Name the diseases caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae | *Lobar Pneumonia (Hospital Acquired Pneumonia)
*Gastroenteritis
*UTIs |
*Rod Shaped
*Colonies smell like burnt chocolate
*Transmission: Indirect, Direct, Opportunistic, Nosocomial
*Portals: Broken Skin, Urinary Tract, GI Tract | Proteus mirabilis |
Name the diseases caused by Proteus mirabilis | *Secondary Infections of Burn Wounds
*UTIs
*Gastroenteritis |
*Rod Shaped
*Blue-green pus in wounds
*Transmission: Opportunistic, Indirect, Direct, Nosocomial
*Portals: Broken Skin, Urinary Tract, GI Tract | Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
Name the diseases caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa | *Burn Wound Infections
*UTIs
*Gastroenteritis
*Ear Infections
*Pneumonia |
*Rod Shaped
*Produces a capsule & Pertussis Toxin
*Transmission: Direct Droplet
*Portals: Respiratory Tract | Bordetella pertussis |
Name the disease caused by Bordetella pertussis | Pertussis (Whooping Cough)
*young children are high risk group
*Vaccine: DTaP |
*Rod Shaped
*Transmission: Direct Droplet
*Portals: Respiratory Tract
**young children are high risk group
**Vaccine: Hib | Haemophilus influenzae |
Name the disease caused by Haemophilus influenzae | Bacterial Influenzal Meningitis
*bacteremia is also a concern |
*Rod Shaped, Zoonosis
*Transmission: Indirect contact with rat flea; Direct Droplet Contact
Portals: Broken Skin, Respiratory Tract | Yersinia pestis |
Name the diseases caused by Yersinia pestis | *Bubonic Plague
*Septicemic Plague
*Pneumonic Plague |
*Rod Shaped, Zoonosis
*Transmission: Direct contact via handling infected animals; Indirect contact
*Portals: Skin, GI Tract, Respiratory Tract | Francisella tularensis |
*Spore-forming, Rod shaped, Zoonosis, Biological Warfare
*Produces a capsule, exotoxin, endospore
*Transmission: Direct & Indirect
*Portals: Broken Skin, Respiratory Tract, GI Tract | Bacillus anthracis |
Name the diseases caused by Bacillus anthracis | *Anthrax
-Cutaneous Infection forming an eschar
-Pulmonary Infection (Wool Sorter's Disease)
-Typhoidal Anthrax |
*Spore-forming, Rod shaped
*Produces endospore & toxin (botulinin)
*Transmission: Indirect
*Portals: GI Tract, Broken Skin | Clostridium botulinum |
Name the diseases caused by Clostridium botulinum | *Food-bourne Botulism
*Infant Botulism
*Wound Botulism |
*Spore-forming, Rod shaped
*Obligate Anaerobe
*Produces exotoxins, endospores, hyaluronidase enzyme
*Transmission: Indiret
*Portals: Broken Skin, GI Tract | Clostridium perfringens |
Name the diseases caused by Clostridium perfringens | *Gas Gangrene (antemortem)
*Tissue Gas (post-mortem)
*Food Poisoning |
*Spore-forming, Rod shaped
*Obligate Anaerobe
*Produces endospores, the neurotoxin tetanospasmin
*Transmission: Indirect
*Portals: Broken Skin
**Vaccine: DTaP | Clostridium tetani |
Name the disease caused by Clostridium tetani | Tetanus (Lockjaw) |
*Bacilli/club-shaped & pleomorphic
*Exotoxin forms a pseudomembrane
*Resistant to drying
*Transmission: Direct Droplet & Indirect Air-borne
*Portals: Respiratory Tract & Broken Skin
*DTaP Vaccine | Corynebacterium diphtheriae |
Name the diseases caused by Corynebacterium diptheriae | *Diphtheria (respiratory most common)
*Cutaneous Diphtheria |
*Bacilli, Obligate Aerobe, Acid-Fast, long gen. time (20+ hrs)
*Can survive in dried sputum for weeks
*Resilient cell wall (high lipid content)
*Transmission: Direct Droplet & Indirect Air-Borne (also ingestion)
*Portals: Respiratory, GI Tract, Split | Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
Name the diseases caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis | *Tuberculosis
-Lungs (Pulmonary)
-Miliary
*forms a tubercle |
*Bacilli, Acid-Fast, High lipid content to cell wall
*Opportunistic form of TB in AIDS patients | Mycobacterium avium |
*Bacilli, Acid-Fast, Grows in peripheral nervous system, 30C opt. growth temp
*Resilient cell wall
*Transmission: Direct with nasal secretions
*Portals: Broken Skin & Respiratory Tract | Mycobacterium leprae |
Name the diseases formed by Mycobacterium leprae | *Leprosy (Hanson's Disease)
-Tuberculoid Lep. -> neural form
-Lepromatous Lep. -> progressive |
*Unique lipid in cell wall
*Resists phagocytosis & survives low levels of chlorine
*Found naturally in water
*Transmission: Indirect Air-Borne, non-communicable
*Portals: Respiratory Tract | Legionella pneumophila |
Name the disease caused by Legionella pneumophila | *Legionnaire's Disease (Legionellosis)
-Milder form= Pontiac Fever |
*Psychrophile, Pleomorphic, Excreted in animal feces
*Crosses the placenta, Resists phagocytosis, affinity for growth in the CNS
*Transmission: Indirect Ingestion & Direct Placental
*Portals: GI Tract & Placenta | Listeria monocytogenes |
Name the disease caused by Listeria monocytogenes | *Listeriosis (Listeria)
+Pregnant & Immunocompromised are high risk group |
*Comma/Curved Shape, Produces Cholera Toxin (blocks absorption of H2O, salts, electrolytes= rice water stools)
*Transmission: Indirect Ingestion
*Portals: GI Tract | Vibrio cholerae |
Name the disease caused by Vibrio cholerae | *Asiatic Cholera |
*Spirochete, Teflon Pathogen, Crosses the placenta
*Transmission: Direct via Placenta, STD
*Portals: Placenta, Genitourinary Tract | Treponema pallidum |
Name the disease caused by Treponema pallidum | *Syphilis
+Acquired
-Primary -> chancre
-Secondary -> skin rashes
-Latent
-Tertiary -> gummas
+Congenital |
*Spirochete, Zoonosis, Bull's Eye Rash
*Transmission: Indirect with an insect vector (deer tick bite; also biological vector)
*Portals: Broken Skin | Borrelia burgdorferi |
Name the disease caused by Borrelia burgdorferi | *Lyme Disease (Lyme Borreliosis) |
*Spirochete, Zoonosis
*Transmission: Direct with contaminated animal urine, Indirect with ingestion of H2O contaminated with animal urine
*Portals: Broken Skin, GI Tract | Leptospira interrogans |
Name the disease caused by Leptospira interrogans | *Leptospirosis (Infectious Jaundice)
aka Swineherder's Flu/Jaundice, Sewerman's Flu
+Weil's Disease-advanced case
-causes liver/kidney damage/failure |
*Vibrio, Produces an Enterotoxin
*Transmission: Indirect with Ingestion
*Portals: GI Tract | Campylobacter jejuni |
Name the disease caused by Campylobacter jejuni | *Campylobacteriosis (Campylobacter gastroenteritis)
+Guillain-Barre' Syndrome- rare complication (temp form of paralysis starting in lower extremities) |
*Among the smallest of the free-living bacteria
*No cell wall, Pleomorphic
*Transmission: Direct Droplet
*Portals: Respiratory Tract | Mycoplasma pneumoniae |
Name the disease caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae | *Mycoplasmal Pneumonia
aka Primary Atypical Pneumonia, Walking Pneumonia |
*Obligate intracellular parasite, Spread by arthropod vector, Typhus Disease
*Transmission:Indirect with an insect vector (human body louse bite)
*Portal: Broken Skin | Rickettsia prowazekii |
Name the disease caused by Rickettsia prowazekii | *Epidemic Typhus
aka Louse Borne Typhus |
*Obligate Intracellular Parasite, Spread by arthropod vector, Typhus Disease
*Transmission: Indirect with an insect vector (rat flea bite)
*Portal: Broken Skin | Rickettsia typhi |
Name the disease caused by Rickettsia typhi | *Endemic Murine Typhus
aka Fleaborne Typhus |
*Obligate Intracellular Parasite, Spread by arthropod vector, Typhus Disease
*Transmission: Indirect with an insect vector (tick bite)
*Portal: Broken Skin | Rickettsia rickettsii |
Name the disease caused by Rickettsia rickettsii | *Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
aka Tickborne Typhus |
*Obligate Intracellular Parasite, Typhus Disease
*Transmission: Indirect Air-borne
*Portal: Respiratory
**Originated in placental material after calves were born | Coxiella burnetii |
Name the disease caused by Coxiella burnetii | *Q Fever (Q=query)
+pneumonia-like illness |
*Obligate Intracellular Parasite
*Transmission:Direct by STD, hand to eyes, Mother to infant's eyes
*Portals: Genitourinary Tract, Eyes | Chlamydia trachomatis |
Name the diseases caused by Chlamydia trachomatis | *Inclusion Conjunctivitis
*Trachoma (eye inf.)
*Nongonococcal Urethritis (NGU)
*Reiter's Syndrome
*Nonspecific Urethritis (NSU)
*PID
*Lymphogranuloma Venereum (LGV) |
*Obligate Intracellular Parasite
*Transmission: Indirect Airborne, Direct with an infected bird
*Portal: Respiratory Tract | Chlamydia psittaci |
Name the disease caused by Chlamydia psittaci | *Psittacosis
aka Parrot Fever, Ornithosis |