Question | Answer |
Ingestion | Food being placed in the mouth so it can be acted on |
Digestion | the bodily process of breaking down foods chemically and mechanically |
Absorption | passage of a substance into or across a blood vessel or membrane |
Defecation/Elimination | the elimination of the contents of the bowels |
Mechanical Digestion/Mastication | the act of chewing |
Esophagus | tube that runs from the pharynx through the diaphragm to the stomach |
Incisor | the chisel-shaped tooth in the front of the mouth that is adapted to cutting |
Bicuspid | used for grinding of food. found behind the canine teeth |
Molar | Found behind the bicuspid. It is used for grinding. |
Canines | fanglike teeth used for tearing |
Gingiva | the gums |
Dentin | a bone like material, underlies the the enamel and forms the bulk of the tooth |
Pulp | supplies the tooth with nutrients and supplies the tooth with sensations |
Crown | the top and upper portion of the tooth |
Neck | connects the crown and the roots of a tooth |
Root | the part of the tooth that is rooted in the gums |
Saliva | the secretion of salivary glands duct into the mouth |
Bolus | a rounded mass of food prepared by the mouth for swallowing. |
Pharynx | the muscular tube extending from the posterior of the nasal cavities to the esophagus |
Peristalsis | the waves of contraction seen in tubelike organs; propels substances along the tract |
Chyme | the semifluid stomach contents consisting of partially digested food and gastric secretions |
Pyloric sphincter | a ring of smooth muscle fibers around the opening of the stomach into the duodenum |
Pepsin | an enzyme capable of digesting proteins in acid pH. |
Gastrin | a hormone that stimulates gastric secretion, especially hydrochloric acid release |
Hepatocytes | a parenchymal cell of the liver |
Bile | a greensish-yellow or brownish fluid produced in and secreted by the liver, stored in the gallbladder, and released into the intestines. |
Lipase | any of a group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of fats into glycerol and the fatty acids |
Amylase | any of a group of enzymes that are present in saliva, pancreatic juice, and part of plants and catalyze the hydrolysis of starch to sugar to produce carbohydrate derivatives Jejunum |
Colon | the section of the large intestine extending from the cecum to the rectum |
Ileum | the terminal part of the small intestine; between the jejunum and the cecum of the large intestine. |
Villi | fingerlike projections of the small intestinal mucosa that tremendously increase its surface area for absorption |
Gastric | relating to or involving the stomach |
Insulin | the hypoglycemic hormone produced in the pancreas affecting carbohydrate and fat metabolism, blood glucose levels, and other systemic processes |
Trypsin | pancreatic enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of proteins to form smaller polypeptide units. |