Question | Answer |
A reduction in the number of erythrocytes in the blood | anemia |
Anemia in which mature erythrocytes have a shortened survival and bone marrow responsiveness is decreased | hemolytic anemia |
Iron-deficiency anemia | hypochromic anemia |
Anemia in which iron stores are very low or absent | iron-deficiency anemia |
Caused by a lack of folic acid or vitamin B12 and in certain diseases | macrocytic anemia |
Caused by megaloblasts in the bone marrow | megaloblastic anemia |
Characterized by smaller than normal red blood cells | microcytic anemia |
The hemoglobin in the red blood cells is normal, but this type of anemia still occurs | normochromic anemia |
An anemia in which red blood cells are the normal size, but there are less of them total | normocytic anemia |
Caused by a lack of vitamin B12, generally associated with gastric atrophy issues | pernicious anemia |
A hereditary condition in which two abnormally inherited genes cause red blood cells to change shape | sickle cell anemia |
An anemia in which there exists an adequate amount of iron but the inability to incorporate it to hemoglobin | sideroblastic anemia |
A sac formed by the dilatation of the wall of an artery, vein, or the heart | aneurysm |
Any variation from the normal rhythm of the heart | arrhythmia |
A generic term for a number of diseases in which the arterial wall becomes thickened and loses elasticity | arteriosclerosis |
Most common diseases in which a yellowish plaque comprised of cholesterol and other lipid material is formed within the arteries | atherosclerosis |
Inflammation of an artery | arteritis |
Pathologic condition of the blood usually referring to disorders of the cellular elements of the blood | blood dyscrasias |
Any disturbance of the heart rhythm in which the heart rate slows | bradyarrhythmia |
Slowness of the heartbeat | bradycardia |
A generalized term for primary noninflammatory disease of the heart muscle (myocardium) | cardiomyopathy |
A clinical syndrome which reflects a fundamental abnormality in the effective performance of the heart (commonly called CHF) | congestive heart failure |
Right ventricular enlargement secondary to malformation of the lungs | cor pulmonale |
Any disease of the coronary arteries | coronary artery disease |
Formation or presence of a thrombus | deep venous thrombosis |
Positioning of the heart on the right side of the thorax rather than on the left | dextrocardia |
The sudden blocking of an artery by a clot or foreign material | embolism |
Inflammation of the endocardium | endocarditis |
Patients with a history of heart disease or rheumatic fever may be given antibiotics prior to dental treatment for this | SBE prophylaxis |
A twitching of the cardiac muscle which is not in a sustained rhythm | fibrillation |
An abnormal passage or communication between two internal organs | fistula |
AVF is a communication between an artery and a vein during which blood flows into the neighboring vessel | arteriovenous fistula |
A congenital disease, passed through the mother, in which the blood does not clot properly, and there is both abnormal internal blood flow and bleeding from the mouth | hemophilia |
Bleeding; blood escaping dangerously from the vessels | hemorrhage |
The lack of blood in a body part | ischemia |
A progressive cancerous disease of the blood-forming tissues | leukemia |
A temporary increase in leukocytes in the blood | leukocytosis |
A chronic edema of the extremities | lymphedema |
Obstruction of blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle | mitral stenosis |
A bulging of one or both of the mitral valve leaflets | mitral valve prolapse |
The presence of a large number of monocytes in the blood | mononucleosis |
A sound heard on auscultation of the heart | murmur |
Murmurs that are due to turbulent flow through narrowed or otherwise irregular valves or outflow tracts | systolic |
due to stenosis of the mitral or tricuspid valves or regurgitation of the aortic or pulmonary valves | diastolic |
Ischemic myocardial necrosis due to the abrupt reduction of coronary blood flow to the myocardium | myocardial infarction |
Inflammation of the muscular walls of the heart | myocarditis |
Failure of the communication between the pulmonary artery and the aorta to close in a fetus (PDA) | patent ductus arteriosus |
An opening in the septum which normally separates the atria | patent foramen ovale |
Inflammation of the pericardium | pericarditis |
A pinpoint, perfectly round, purplish-red spot caused by intradermal or submucous hemorrhage | petechia |
A vascular disease characterized by intermittent bilateral attacks to the fingers and toes | Raynaud disease |
All layers of the heart are affected by inflammation following rheumatic fever | rheumatic heart disease |
A state in which blood flow to and perfusion of peripheral tissues is inadequate to sustain life | shock |
Shock with insufficient vascular volume | hypovolemic shock |
Shock with inadequate cardiac function | cardiogenic shock |
Shock with inadequate vasomotor tone | vasodilatory shock |
The most commonly seen type of shock, an immediate hypersensitivity to a substance such as a bee sting or drug | anaphylactic shock |
Shock associated with an overwhelming infection | septic shock |
Any disturbance of the heart rhythm in which the heart rate is abnormally high | tachyarhythmia |
Excessive rapid action of the heart | tachycardia |
An anatomic abnormality manifested by severe or total right ventricular outflow tract obstruction and a defect | tetralogy of Fallot |
Inflammation of a vein associated with thrombus formation | thrombophlebitis |
A term applied to a variety of abnormalities of sinus node function | sick sinus syndrome |
Unnaturally and permanently distended veins | varicose veins |
Anemia that is coexistent with another disease(s). | anemia of chronic disease |
Any form of anemia caused by bone marrow failure or aplasia of the marrow. | aplastic anemia |