Question | Answer |
long bones | are longer than they are wide; they have a shaft and two ends; ex. humerus & femur |
short bones | are almost as long as they are wide; they can be described as cube shaped; ex. wrist & ankle bones |
sesamoid bones | a special kind of short bone; ex. patella |
flat bones | are flat, thin and sometimes curved; ex. ribs & sternum (breastbone) |
irregular bones | have various shapes and do not fit into the other categories; ex. vertebrae |
diaphysis
(dign-AFF-ih-sis) | the shaft of the long bone |
compact bone | the external hard layer of bone that forms the hard outer shell |
epiphysis
(eh-PIFF-ih-is) | the end of the long bone, is often wider than the diaphysis |
proximal epiphysis | upper end of the long bone |
distal epiphysis | lower end of the long bone |
epiphyseal line | the area between the epiphysis and the diaphysis |
articular cartilage | covers the end of the epiphysis and provides cushion during movement of the joint |
periosterum | white membrane covering the bone except at the joint surface |
yellow bone marrow | found in long bones, stores fat |
red bone marrow | found in long bones, produces red blood cells |
arthr/o | joint |
chrondr/o | cartilage |
clavicul/o | clavicle |
coccyg/o | coccyx, tailbone |
cost/o | rib |
crani/o | skull |
kyph/o | humpback |
lamin/o | lamina, thin flat plate, part of vertebral arch |
lord/o | swayback |
lumb/o | lower back |
metacarp/o | hand bones |
metatars/o | foot bones |
myel/o | bone marrow, or spinal cord |
my/o | muscle |
myos/o | muscle |
muscul/o | muscle |
oste/o | bone |
pelv/o | pelvis, hipbone |
rhin/o | nose |
sacr/o | sacrum |
scoli/o | crooked, bent, twisted |
spondyl/o | vertebra |
stern/o | sternum, breastbone |
ten/o | tendon |
tendin/o | tendon |
vertebr/o | vertebra |
algia | pain |
blast | immature |
clasis | surgical fracture |
gram | record |
graphy | technique or recording/making and xray |
malacia | softening |
olisthesis | slipping |
oma | tumor, mass |
osis | abnormal condition |
plasty | surgical repair |
scope | instrument to visually examine |
scopy | process of visual examination |
tomy | process of cutting, incision |
trophy | nourishment/development |
frontal/coronal plane | divides the body into front and back portions |
sagittal plane | divides the body into left and right sections |
transverse/axial plane | divides the body into upper and lower sections |
anterior | structure or part is facing front |
distal | body part farthest away from point of origin |
dorsal | pertaining or referring to the back |
inferior | toward the feet or below |
lateral | away from midline of the body |
medial | toward the midline or middle of the body |
posterior | toward the back or pertaining to the back of the body |
prone | lying face down on the abdomen |
proximal | body part nearest the point of origin |
superficial | near the surface |
superior | toward the head, above |
supine | lying face up on the back |
ventral | pertaining to the front |
axial | skeleton that is made up of the spinal column, skull & rib cage |
appendicular | skeleton that is comprised of the bones of the arms, hands, legs, feet, shoulders & pelvis |
frontal bone | forehead, acts as protection for the eyes and the brain |
parietal bone | form the top and upper sides of the head |
temporal bone | is on each of the head |
occipital bone | forms the back and base of the head |
maxilla | upper jaw bone |
mandible | lower jaw bone and is the only moveable bone in the skull |
zygomatic bone | cheekbones, also protect the outer part of the eyes |
cervical vertebrae | the first seven vertebrae in the neck |
thoracic vertebrae | twelve vertebrae of the spinal column |
lumbar vertebrae | lower back vertebrae, there are five |
sacrum/coccyx | result of the fusion of individual bones during childhood |
coccyx | tailbone, the last section of the vertebrae |
intervertebral disk | made of cartilage separates the vertebrae |
humerus | the upper are bone |
radius | lower arm bone on the thumb side |
ulna | lower are bone on outer side (little finger side) |
carpals | wrist bone |
metacarpals | bones in the palm of the hand |
phalanges | bones of the fingers and toes |
phalanx | individual section of the fingers bones |
clavicle | collarbone |
scapula | shoulder blade |
femur | thighbone, longest bone in the body |
tibia | larger lower leg bone, shin bone |
fibula | smaller, slender bone of the lower leg |
patella | kneecap |
tarsals | ankle bones |
calcaneus | heel bone |
metatarsals | bones of the foot |
fracture | injury to a bone where the tissue of a bone is broken |
greenstick fracture | fracture of a bone that may crack under pressure but not break entirely |
simple/closed fracture | closed fracture when the bone breaks completely, the skin remains intact |
compound/open fracture | occurs when the bone protrudes through the skin |
impacted fracture | bone fractures and the ends are wedged into each other |
comminuted fracture | more than one fracture line in a bone |
spiral fracture | sever corkscrew twisting of a bone |
Colle's fracture | fracture just above the wrist, at the distal end of the radius; occurs often in children after falling on outstretched hand |
pathological fracture | fracture occurring due to an underlying disease process that weakens the bone |
lordosis
(lord/o = swayback; osis = abnormal condition) | exaggerated forward curve of the lumbar section of the vertebral column |
kyphosis
(kyph/o = humpback; osis = abnormal condition) | outward curvature of the upper section of the vertebral column |
scoliosis
(scoli/o = crooked or bent; osis = abnormal condition) | lateral curvature of the spinal column usually in the thoracic region |
herniated disk | the intervertebral disk ruptures causing it to protrude, putting pressure on the spinal nerve roots. Also called slipped disk or ruptured disk. |
myleoma | tumor of the bone marrow |
osteomalacia | softening of the bone |
osteoporosis | loss of bone mass or bone density |
osteosarcoma | malignant tumor of the bone |
spondylitis | inflammation of the vertebrae |