Question | Answer |
Categories of embalming chemicals | Atertial, cavity, supplemental, accessory, sealers, pack applications |
Arterial fluids | Index, aldehyde/non-aldehyde, color, firming or non firming, dehydrating or non-dehydrating, special purpose |
Indexes of arterial | Low - 10-20
Medium- 20-28
High- 30-36 |
Special purpose arterials | Jaundice, high index, dehydrating, tissue gas, germicidal, infant |
Preservatives | CHemicals that stop saprophtic bacteria by rendering unsuitable the media upon which they thrive which will arrest decomp |
Aldehydes | Formaldehyde, Gluteraldehyde |
Advantages of gluteraldehyde | less irritaing and dehydrating, less firming, good germicide, oshas does not apply |
Disadvantages of gluteraldehyde | more expensive, more tests are needed |
Alcohols | Methyl, ethyl, isopropyl |
Phenol | Soluable in water, very penetrating, used in cadavr prep, very preserving, very dehydrating |
Inorganic salts | Sodium chloride, Sodium Carbonate, Potassium nitrate, Sodium Sulfate |
Germicides | Kill or sterilze pathogens |
Germicides examples | Aldehydes, phenol, QUATS |
Examples of QUATS | Zephrin Chloride, Roccal |
Anticoagulants | Chemicals that retard the tendency of blood to become viscous |
Precipants | Remove calcium from blood Ex. Sodium citrate, sodium oxylate, calcium oxylate |
Sequestering agents | Fences off calcium to prevent clotting Ex. Tetrad sodium diacteic acid (TDA), ETDA, |
Vehicles | Liquids that serve as solvents. Water and Alochol |
Surfactants | Reduces surface tension to reduce friction and allows fluid in to smaller apatures Ex. Sodium lauryl sulfate and Sulfonate |
Dyes | Two types Active (cosmetic), inactive (only color the fluid, not body) |
Types of dyes | Eosine, carmine, ponceau red, erythosine |
Deorderants/ Redoderants | COver up or alter the smell |
Examples of Deoderants/ reoderants | Oil of wintergreen, oil of cloves, lemon oil, cherry oil, oil of sassafras, benzaldehyde |
Modifiers | CHemicals used to balance, supplement or compliment other fluids by reating moisture or softening coagulation |
Humenctants | Increase embalmed tissues ability to retain moisture |
Examples of humectants | Glycerol, sorbital, hexalene glycol, lanoline, aloe |
Buffers | Stabilize pH |
Examples of Buffers | Borax and Boric acid, sodium bicarnonate, disodium phosphate, sodium citrate and EDTA (last wto are also anticoagulants) |
Water conditioners | Chemicals that comabt, Ca, Mg and Fe (II)by sequestering them, do the same as anticoagulants |
Examples of water conditioners | Sodium Citrate, EDTA, Sodium Oxylate |
Jaundice concerns | Bilirubin+ O2 (in formaldehyde) = Biliverdin (green) |
Special ingredients in jaundice fluid | Low HCHO content, redcuing agents, bleaching agents, counter staining dyes, water |
Special fluid (company definitions) | High index, dehydrating, firming used in cases with high preservative demands, |
Cavity Fluids | High index for aspirating viscera, conatins stronger versions as arterial fluids. DO NOT DILUTE |
Supplemental fluids | Pre-injection/ co-injection |
CO injection | Added to arterial |
Pre injection | injected before areterial, also called primary injection fluid, cappilary wash, body conditioner |
Pre injection fluids do | clear body of blood, address acidity, rehydrates and expands system |
Advantages of pre injection | Improved diffusion, rehydrates, clears lividity |
Disadvantages of preinjection | more time, might cause water log, DO NOT USE during hot case or edema |
Accessory Chemicals | Hardening compounds, Sealing compounds, pack applications |
Hardening compound components | Hardening agents, Disinfectants, Moisture absorbers, fillers, mold preventative agents, embalming powders |
Harding agents | Plaster of Paris, AMmonium Chloride |
Disinfectants | Paraformaldehyde, Ammonium chloride |
Moisture absorbers | Saw, dust, clay, chalk |
Fillers | Perlyte, cellulose |
Mold preventative agents | Paraformaldhyde, paradichlobenzne |
Embalming powders | mostly paraformaldehyde |
Sealing agents | Provide barriers against leakage |
Types of sealers | Powder or liquid |
Powders | go into aretail incision |
Liquid sealer | coat outside of incision. Bonding adhesives or cauterizing agents, sprays and cream |
Pack applications | Gel or liquid for topical embalming |