Question | Answer |
amber | hardened tree sap, often a source of insect fossils |
cast | formed or shaped within a mold |
earthquake | a movement or vibration in Earth |
erratics | isolated boulders left behind by a glacier |
fault | a break in Earth's outer layewr caused by the movement of rocks |
glacier | a large mass of snow and ice that moves over land |
horizon | a layer of soil that is different from the layers above and below it |
humus | left over decomposed plant and animal matter |
igneous rock | fire made rock formed from hot, molten rock material |
imprint | a fossil created by a print or impression |
metamorphic rock | rock that has been changed by heat, by pressure, or by both |
mineral | a naturally occurring substance that is neither plant nor animal |
mold | a hollow fossil form clearly showing the outside features of the organism |
moraine | rock debris carried and deposited by a glacier |
outwash plains | gravel, sand, and clay carried from glaciers by melting water and streams |
permeability | the rate at which water can pass through porous material |
relative age | the age of something compared with the age of another thing |
rock cycle | a process by which rocks are changed from one type into another |
sedimentary rock | rock formed when bits or layers of rocks are cemented together |
soil profile | a vertical section of soil from the surface down to bedrock |
terminus | the end or outer margin of a glacier |
What are three causes of erosions? SA | wind, waves, glaciers |
Know this equation - SA | soil=tiny rocks + minerals + humus + water + air |
What are the three main groups of rocks? SA | igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic |
MC Rocks are made of | minerals, come in different shapes, colors, and sizes |
MC Most fossils are found in | sedimentary rock and the layers help us to determine time order |
MC Conglomerate | is pebbles and large grains of sand cemented together |
MC Three properties used to identify minerals are | hardness, streak, and luster |
MC The building blocks of rocks are | minerals |
MC Luster | is the way light bounces off minerals |
MC Relative age | is described using words like older, oldest, younger and youngest |
MC Molten material below the Earth's surface is called | magma |
MC The part of an animal's body most likely to become a fossil is | the bone, teeth, or a shell |
MC Petrified means | "turned to stone". It happens when the once living parts of wood or bones are filled in by minerals. |
MC A place in which animals got stuck and their bones were preseved as the material around them hardened is a | tar pit |
MC The solid rock that maked up the Earth's outermost layer is the | crust |
MC The layer below the crust is the | mantle |
MC A liquid layer of Earth lying below the mantle is the | outer core |
MC A sphere of solid material at Earths center is the | inner core |
MC The solid rock layer which is broken apart into small rock pieces and minerals to form soil is called | bedrock |
MC The top layer of soil that is rich in humus and minerals is called | topsoil |
MC The space between soil particles is called | pore space |
MC It takes about 100-1000 years for | an inch of topsoil to form. |
MC Energy released as vibrations caused by rocks along fault lines moving and breaking are called | seismic waves |
MC Seismic waves travel | in all directions |
MC Scientists study earthquakes so they can | learn about the inside of Earth and to predict when they will happen. |
MC Glaciers form when | more snow falls in winter than melts in the summer |
MC Glaciers move | when the glacier beigns to melt and the water runs downhill. |
MC Glacier till is | an unsorted mixture of rock materials deposited as a glacier melts |
MC Glaciers have changed the Earth by | flattening and rounding the land and creating valleys |