Question | Answer |
Boas | revolutionized anthropology, dismissed unilineal social evolution, professor at columbia, studied cultures rather than just the culture of one place |
Alfred Cort Haddon | went to Torress Straits and brought people there to study |
Bronislaw Malinowski | studied on the trobriands, was completely immersed in their culture |
Marcell Mauss | societiesare held together by techniques of giving and recieving |
musha people | peasant society- agriculture in egypt |
lua | thai people who practiced horticulture |
inuit | foragers |
yarahmadzi | nomadic pastoralists in africa |
Johan Herder | "volk" is based in cultural traditions and languages, attacked the view that civilization is the endpoint of human progress |
E.B. Tylor | defined culture as the sum of knowledge, belief, arts, morals, law, custom |
Kroeber and Kluckholn | indentified over 100 anthroplogical defintions of culture |
Clifford Geertz | studied Indonesia and Java vs the outer islands, trying to find why they supported communism-involution |
diderot | important encyclopedic statistician |
alexander von humboldt | went to latin america and took pictures and wrote extensive notes onto the pictures |
antonia garcia cubas | wrote an encyclopedic but also enumuritve account of mexico, wrote it in english and classified people in to regional "types" |
Manuel Gamio | was looking for reasons for unrest in mexico, dealt with more than just numbers, criticesed enumerative statistics |
lewis henry morgan | studied the iroquois, thought of society as unilineal social evolution |
Darwin | there is no foresight to evolution, cant predict what is going to happen next ( against unilineal |
peter and rosemary grant | saw finches adapt during a drought |
E.E.Evans Pritchard | looked how environemnt defined culture, studied the Nuer people |
marshall sahlins | defined foragers as having limited wants and were well adapted-the orginial affluent society |
Kung San | foragers, well adapted to their society |
Maale | people with more need work less, Ethiopian horticulture |
Donald Donham | studied the Maale |
Alexander Chayanov | peasants will work enough to survive, avoid fatigue |
Fredrik Barth | the poeple who live on the edge of an ethinic group are most obvoiusly ethnic, no core of ethnicity |