Question | Answer |
Cell | Fundamental Unit of Life |
dysplasia | abnormal development of tissues and is recognized by cells that differ in size, shape, and appearance |
Aplasia | Lack of development of an organ or tissue |
Hypoplasia | below normal development of an organ or tissue |
Hyperplasia | an abnormal increase in the number of normal cells in tissue |
hypertrophy | increase in the size of an organ caused by an increase in the size of the cells rather than the number of cells |
homeostasis | constant internal environment that is naturally maintained by the body |
frontal plane | divides the body into front and back portions |
transverse plane | divides the body into upper and lower portions |
sagittal plane | divides the body into right and left sides |
midsagittal plane | divides the body into two equal halves |
anterior | nearer to or toward the front |
posterior | nearer to or toward the back, dorsal, situated behind |
ventral | belly side (same as anterior in humans) |
dorsal | directed toward or situated on the back side (same as posterior side in humans) |
medial | middle or nearer the middle |
lateral | toward the side |
superior | uppermost or above |
inferior | lowermost or below |
proximal | position of structures that are nearer their origin or point of attachment |
distal | far or distant from the origin or point of attachment |
ambulatory | able to walk |
prone | lying facedown |
supine | lying on the back |
pronation | rotation of the forearm so that the palm faces downward |
supination | rotation of a joint that allows the palm faces upward |
viscera | large organs contained in the ventral cavity |
peritoneum | lining of the abdominopelvic cavity |
thorax | chest |
abdomen | the portion of the body trunk that is located between the chest and the pelvis |
abdominocentesis | surgical puncture of the abdomen to remove excess fluids from the abdominal cavity or to inject a therapeutic agent |
peritonitis | inflammation of the peritoneum |
thoracentesis | surgical puncture of the chest wall for aspiration of fluids |
omphalorrhexis | surgical rupture of the navel |
omphalocele | congenital herniation of the navel |
cephalgia | headache |
acral | pertaining to the extremities of the body |
acrocyanosis | cyanosis of the extremities (arms and legs appear bluish) |
acromegaly | disorder in which there is abnormal enlargement of the body extremities, including the nose, jaws, fingers, and toes, caused by hypersecretion of growth hormone after maturity |
dactylospasm | cramping of a finger or toe |
dactylitis | inflammation of the bones of the fingers or toes |
chirospasm | cramping of the hand |
onychomycosis | disease of the nails caused by a fungus |