Vocab Word | Definition |
matter | anything that has mass and takes up space |
element | the simplest pure substance, can't be broken down into other substances |
compound | a substance of two or more elements that arre chemically combined in a specific ratio |
mixture | two or more substances (elements or compounds) that are mixed together but not chemically combined |
atom | the smallest part of an element |
scientific theory | a well tested idea that explains a wide range of data |
model | representation of an idea (mental, visual, ...)to help people understand a concept that is difficult to study directly |
electrons | negatively charged particles that revolve around the nucleus of an atom |
nucleus | the center of an atom, contains protons and neutrons |
protons | positively charged particles found in the nucleus of an atom |
energy level | the specific amount of energy in an electron |
neutrons | uncharged particles that reside in the nucleus of an atom |
valence electrons | the electrons with the highest energy level in an atom |
electron dot diagram | a diagram that shows you the number of valence electrons in an atom |
chemical bond | the force that holds atoms together after the rearrangement of electrons inbetween them |
symbol | an element's abbreviation |
atomic number | the number of protons and the number of electrons in an atom |
period | a row of elements in the periodic table, going across |
group | a column of elements in the periodic table, going down aka:family |
family | a column of elements in the periodic table, going down aka:group |
noble gas | group 18 of the periodic table, have 8 valence electrons |
halogen | element in group 17, have 7 valence electrons |
alkali metal | group 1 of the periodic table, have only 1 valence electron |
ion | an atom or group of atoms with an electric charge |
polyatomic ions | an ion made of sevral different atoms |
ionic bond | the attraction between two ions of opposite charges |
ionic compound | a compound made up of both positive and negative ions |
chemical formula | the combination of symbols that shows the ratio of a compound |
subscript | the ratio of elements in a compound |
crystal | an orderly three dimensional pattern of atoms or ions in a solid |
covalent bond | a chemical bond in which two atoms share electrons |
molecule | a neutral group of atoms with covalent bonds |
double bond | a covalent bond in which the atoms share two pairs of electrons |
triple bond | a covalent bond in which the atoms share three pairs of electrons |
molecular compound | a compound made of molecules |
polar bond | a covalent bond where electrons are shared unequally |
nonpolar bond | a covalent bond where electrons are shared equally |
metallic bond | the attraction between a positive metal ion and the loose electrons around it |
alloy | a material with metal-like properties made up of two or more elements |
ductable | can be bent and pulled easily, usually refers to a metal |
malleable | can be rolled into thin sheets, usually refers to a metal |