Question | Answer |
Digestion of food into nutrients is the breakdown of _________ into ________. | Polymers into monomers |
The alimentary canal is also known as what? | The GI tract |
What are the accessory organs of the digestive system? | Salivary glands, liver, gall bladder, pancreas |
Inner most lining of the alimentary canal primarily composed of simple columnar epithelium. | Mucosa |
Connective tissue that is deep to the mucosa | Submucosa |
Two layers of smooth muscle that is deep to the submucosa. | Muscularis externa |
Outer most lining of the alimentary canal | Serosa |
Movement that provides mixing | Segmentation |
Wave-like, unidirectional movement | Peristalsis |
"Rest & digest", stimulates digestion | Parasympathetic |
"Fight or flight", inhibits digestion | Sympathetic |
Another word for chewing that is the main form of mechanical digestion. | Mastication |
Functions of the oral cavity | Mastication, taste sensation, speech. |
Form boundary; contain food & drink | Cheeks & lips |
Seperates the nasal and oral cavities | Palate |
Closes the nasal cavity during swallowing | Uvula |
From the ages of 6 mo. to 4 years a child has 20 of this kind of teeth | Deciduous teeth |
Teeth used for shearing | Incisors |
Teeth used for tearing | Canine/cuspids |
Teeth used for grinding | Premolars & molars |
Primarily calcium; hardest surface in the human body | Enamel |
Surrounds pulp, Similar to bone structure | Dentin |
Contains nerves and blood vessels, surrounded by dentin | Pulp |
Anchors the tooth | Root |
Holds teeth into the jaw bone | Periodontal ligaments |
Responsible for starch digestion, secretes amylase & mucus | Salivary glands |
Superior portion of the pharynx | Nasopharynx |
Intermediate portion of the pharynx | Oropharynx |
Inferior portion of the pharynx | Laryngopharynx |
Constrict inwards when swallowing | Circular muscles |
These muscles pull the pharynx upward | Longitudinal muscles |
Non-absorptive tube connecting the pharynx to the stomach | Esophagus |
Passage through the diaphragm | Esophageal hiatus |
Main site of chemical digestion | Stomach |
Activated by HCl and converted to pepsin | Pepsinogen |
Responsible for protien digestion | Pepsin |
Responsible for lipid digestion | Gastric lipase |
Proximal end of the small intestine | Duodenum |
Intermediate portion of the small intestine | Jejunum |
Distal portion of the small intestine | Ileum |
Anchors blood vessels and the small intestine | Mesentery |
Increase surface area for absorption | Villi |
Responsible for lipid absorption | Lacteals |
Name the portions of the large bowel from beginning to end | Cecum, ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid, rectum, and anal canal |