Indicator(s) | Organism(s) |
Gm+, alpha-hemolytic, lancet-shaped, quellung positive | Strep pneumoniae |
Stys | Staph aureus |
Pyoarthritis from disseminated infections | Staph aureus |
UTI in elderly | Staph epidermidis |
UTI in adolescent girls | Staph saprophyticus |
Neonatal sepsis | Group B Strep agalactiae |
PID | Neisseria gonorrhea |
macular rash and petechial hemorrhages | fulminant meningococcemia - Neisseria meningitidis |
Organisms present in blood, nasopharyngeal swab, very few in CSF | Neisseria meningitidis |
Carrion’s disease | Bartonella Bacilliformis |
oroya fever | Bartonella Bacilliformis |
sand flies | Bartonella Bacilliformis |
Cat scratch fever | Bartonella henselae |
Trench fever | Bortonella quiltana |
Passive immunity by mother/Natural immunity by 8 years old | Haemophilus influenzae |
Soft, painful chancres in genital region | Haemophilus ducreyi |
Soft, painless chancres in genital region | Treponema pallidum (syphilis) |
Soft chancres in genital region | Haemophilus ducreyi OR Treponema pallidum (syphilis) |
Cause meningitis (NOT late onset neonatal sepsis) | haemophilis infulenzae, neisseria menigitidis, strep pneumoniae, moraxilla |
Late onset neonatal sepsis meninigitis | strep B (agalactiae) |
Causes pneumonia | Strep pneumoniae, haemophilis influenzae, staph aureus, peptostreptococci |
Quellung positive | haemophilis influenzae, strep pneumoniae, neisseria menigitidis |
Condition from the release of endotoxin by bacteria killed by an antibiotic | Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction |
Treatment for Bordetella pertussis | Erythromycin to kill B.pertussis, then continued antibiotics to prevent pneumonia |
catalase +, facultative anaerobes, hyaluronidase, pyrogenic | STAPH |
teichoic acid | STAPH |
protein A | Antiphagocytic - STAPH |
mucus membrane pathogens | Neisseria, Haemophilus, Moraxella |
Most common staph | Staph aureus |
Golden yellow pigment on solid media, white to orange colonies | Staph aureus |
Mannitol + | Staph aureus |
Coagulase + | Staph aureus |
Ribitol teichoic acid | Staph aureus |
Gm+, produces enterotoxin | Staph aureus |
Abscess formation | Staph aureus |
Encrusted pustules on superficial layers of skin | Impetigo - Staph aureus/Strep A (pyogenes) |
pyoarthritis | Disseminated infection of staph aureus or PID in Neisseria gonorrhea |
acute bacterial endocarditis | staph aureus |
subacute bacterial endocarditis | staph epidermidis |
most common endocarditis | strep viridans |
all bacterial endocarditis causes | Staph aureus, staph epidermidis, strep viridans, strep A (pyogenes), strep D (fecalis), moraxella (branhamella catarrhalis) |
sandpaper texture, streaking of skin on joint lines, can start to peel | Scalded skin syndrome - staph aureus |
High fever, vomiting, diarrhea, peripheral circulatory collapse, tampons | TSS - staph aureus |
Acute vomiting, mild cramps, no fever, 2-6 hours after ingestion | Food poisoning - staph aureus |
White colonies | Staph epidermidis |
Glycerol teichoic acid | Staph epidermidis |
Glycerol and or rubitol teichoic acid | Staph saprophyticus |
Gm+ chained cocci, non-motile, catalase –, facultative anerobes | STREP |
Hyaluronic acid capsule | STREP |
Protein F | fibronectin binding - STREP |
Lactic acid fermentors | STREP |
Group A | Strep pyogenes |
M, T, and R antigens | Strep A (pyogenes) |
beta-hemolytic, bactracin sensitive | Strep A (pyogenes) |
M-protein | Antiphagocytosis - Strep A (pyogenes) |
Strep A hemolysins | Streptolysin S (O2 STABLE) and O (O2 SENSITIVE) |
Most common pharyngitis | Strep A (pyogenes) |
Scarlet Fever | Strep A (pyogenes) |
pyoderma (impetigo) | Staph aureus, Strep A (pyogenes) |
cellulitis | Strep A (pyogenes) |
Rheumatic fever | Strep A (pyogenes) |
Acute glomerulonephritis | Strep A (pyogenes) |
Strep group B | Strep agalactiae |
Beta-hemolytic, bactracin resistant, normal oral/vaginal flora | Strep B (agalactiae) |
Sialic acid capsule | Strep B (agalactiae) |
5 serotypes | Strep B (agalactiae) |
serotype of late-onset neonatal sepsis | 3 |
alpha-hemolytic, bactracin resistant | strep D non-enterococci |
beta-hemolytic, bactracin resistant, inhibited (not killed) by penicillin | strep D enterococci (fecalis) |
Strep D enterococci | Strep fecalis |
NON Strep Group D Enterococci | E. faecalis, E. faecium |
PYR + | NON Strep Group D Enterococci (E. faecalis, E. faecium) |
Strep D diseases | endocarditis, UTI, septicemia |
Strep D treatment | Need an antibiotic sensitivity test |
Anaerobic, Gm+ cocci | Peptostreptococci |
Normal in GI, Gu, and especially in periodontal | Peptostreptococci |
Possible diseases of Peptostreptococci | abscess, pneumonia, Gu tract infections |
alpha-hemolytic, found in the oral cavity and heart | strep viridans |
strep viridans diseases | dental caries, endocarditis |
strep viridans treatment | penicillin |
alpha hemolytic, sensitive to bile and quinine | strep pneumoniae |
strep pneumoniae diseases | pneumonia (usually secondary infection), meningitis, otitis media/septicemia in infants > 2 months old |
strep pneumoniae treatment | usually penicillin, or other antibiotic |
strep pneumoniae vaccine | capsular polysaccharide, only in adults |
Virulent neisseria | Types 1 and 2, which have capsules - gonorrhea and meningitidis |
neisseria motility | twitching pili. NO FLAGELLA |
Glucose fermentor only | Neisseria gonorrhea |
STD, diplococci, pyogen | Neisseria gonorrhea |
IgAse | Neisseria gonorrhea, Haemophilus influenzae |
Urethritis | Moraxella, Neisseria gonorrhea |
Diseases of Neisseria gonorrhea | urithritis, rectal infection, pharyngitis, ophtalmia neonatorum |
Culture on thayer-martin chocolate plate in candle (CO2) jar | Neisseria gonorrhea |
Neisseria gonorrhea treatment | penicillin G |
penicillinase+ Neisseria gonorrhea treatment | spectinomycin |
Glucose and maltose fermentation only | Neisseria meningitidis |
quellung+, natural reservoir in nasopharynx | Neisseria meningitidis |
fever, vomiting, headache, stiff neck | meningitis, early stages |
Waterhouse-friderichsen syndrome | Neisseria meningitidis |
Neisseria meningitidis treatment | High dose of IV penicillin |
Neisseria meningitidis vaccine | Capsular polysaccharide - infants or military settings |
Branhamella catarrhalis | Moraxella |
- Gm -, diplococcobacilli, normal flora | Moraxella (Branhamella catarrhalis) |
Severe moraxella diseases | endocarditis or meningitis (both rare) |
moraxella diseases in immunocomprimised patients | otitis media, maxillary sinusitis, pulmonary disease, urethritis (indistingushable from gonorrhea) |
Non-motile coccobacilli w/capsule, obligate aerobe, oxidase -, natural flora | Acinetobacter |
Gm-, coccobacillus, no capsule, flagella, hemangioma | Bartonella Bacilliformis |
Pyogenic, facultative anaerobe, blood components requred | HAEMOPHILUS |
chocolate agar required due to non-hemolytic property | Haemophilus infulenzae |
Cells are pleomorphic (vary between small coccobacilli to long, slender filaments) | Haemophilus influenzae |
Acute bacterial meningits in 3 to 6 year-olds | Haemophilus influenzae |
Large number of organisms in CSF | Haemophilus influenzae |
Start with upper resperatory tract infection, but may lead to meningitis or epiglottitis | Haemophilus influenzae |
Antiphagocytic and immunosuppressive capsule with 6 serotypes | Haemophilus influenzae |
Haemophilus influenzae serotype that's common in children | B |
Haemophilus influenzae treatment | ampicillin or chloramphenicol |
Haemophilus influenzae vaccine | Capsular polysaccharide conjugated to diphtheria toxoid. Used for infants |
Bacterial conjunctivitis | Haemophilus aegyptius |
Haemophilus aegyptius treatment | tetracycline ointment |
Haemophilus ducreyi treatment | sulfonamides and streptomycin |
small Gm- coccobacilli with hemagglutimin pili | attach to upper resperatory tract - Bordetella |
Most severe Bordetella to least | Pertussis, parapertussis, bronchiseptica |
Unidentified toxin | Neurotoxin - Bordetella |
Obligate human parasite | Bordetella pertussis |
Whooping cough | Bordetella pertussis |
Mild flu-like symptoms, mild, persistent cough, MOST CONTAGIOUS | Caterrhal Stage - Bordetella pertussis |
Violent coughing, characteristic whoop, cyanosis, vomiting, convulsions, exhaustion | Paraoxysmal Stage - Bordetella pertussis |
amelioration of symptoms, cough persists for several months | Convalescent stage - Bordetella pertussis |
Grown on Bordet-Gengon and Regan-Lowe agar | Bordetella pertussis |
Bordetella vaccine | Inactivated whole organism. Produces antibodies and cell-mediated immunity. Administered at 2 months old. Boosters at 4, 6, and 18 months, and then again when entering school. |