| Front |
Back |
| What are the limitations of hydrostatic weighing? What is the standard error with this method? | Need to account for residual lung volume during submersion. Patients must tolerate water submersion during the testing. Standard Error = 2-2.5% |
| What are the limitations of skinfold measurements? What is the standard error with this method? | Requires and experienced examiner. Must account for variance from the standards based on gender, age and ethnicity. Accuracy of measurement is withing 3% with appropriate technique and equipment. |
| What is the skinfold measurement procedure? | Take multiple measurements on right side of the body, retest w/ difference greater than 1-2mm, Position calipers: one cm from fingers, perpendicular to fold, wait 1-2sec before reading, maintain pinch while reading. |
| What are the standard skinfold sites?
(5UE, 2Trunk, 2LE) | Chest/Pectoral, Subscapular, Midaxillary, Triceps, Biceps
Abdominal, Suprailiac
Medial Calf, Thigh |
| What are the limitations of BMI? What is the standard error? | It doesn't measure proportional composition of the body or percentage of fat. Standard error is ~5% |
| What are the BMI categories? (6) | <18.5kg/m2 = Underweight
20-24.9 = Desirable
25-29.9 = Overweight
30-34.9 = Grade 1 Obesity
35-39.9 = Grade 2 Obesity
>40 = Grade 3 Obesity
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| What are the limitations of bioelectrical impedance analysis? What is the standard error, and which other measure is this error comparable to? | Require subjects to be properly hydrated and follow all guidelines for the testing protocol. Standard error is 3%, which is comparable to that of skinfold measurements. |
| What is osteoporosis? | Thinning of bone matrix, leading to bone loss and increased risk for fracture. |
| What are the causative factors for osteoporosis? | Decreased WB, inactivity, family history, smoking, drinking. |
| What medications are used to slow the process of osteoporosis? (general categories) | Estrogen, calcium, vitamin D, calcitonin, fluoride. |
