| Question |
Answer |
| trisomy | The presence of an extra chromosome; organisms possessing this mutation often do survive into maturity. |
| translation | The process in which the order of the bases in mRNA codes for the order of amino acids in a protein. |
| messenger RNA | Carries protein synthesis information from DNA to the ribosomes. |
| replication | The process in which the two stands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA, each identical to the original molecule. |
| nitrogen base | A component of DNA or RNA along with a sugar and a phosphate group; can be adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, or uracil. |
| mutation | A random error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosomes or just one gene. |
| ribosomal RNA | The nucleic acid that acts as an enzyme, sticking amino acids together. |
| double helix | In DNA, the two twisted, ladder-shaped nucleotide strands held together by hydrogen bonds between the bases. |
| codon | In the genetic code, the set of three nitrogen bases representing a specific amino acid. |
| nondisjunction | Failure of homologous chromosomes to separate during meiosis, resulting in gametes with too few or too many chromosomes. |
| monosomy | Absence of a chromosome; most organisms with this mutation do not survive. |
| transfer RNA | Delivers amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis. |
| point mutation | A mistake in DNA where only one base is changed. ex.sickle cell anemia. |
| chromosomal mutation | When very large segments of DNA are swapped, inverted, lost or gained causing a severe genetic problem |
| frameshift mutation | a deletion or addition of nitrogenous bases causing translation to shift down or back. |
| transcription | The process where mRNA takes the code to the ribosomes. |
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