Question | Answer |
disturbance in acid-base balance of the body, in which body fluids have a lower pH than normal | acidosis |
disturbance in body's acid-base balance in which the pH of the extracellular fluids is shifted toward the alkaline side of normal | alkalosis |
ion carrying a negative charge | anion |
ion that carries a positive charge | cation |
compound that in solution dissociates into positive & negative ions | electrolyte |
excess of ketone bodies in blood resulting from utilization of fat as the primary source of energy | ketosis |
access of urea & other waste products in the blood, resulting from renal failure | uremia |
overall electrical neutrality of the body is always | maintained |
decrease in PCO2 & increase in bicarbonate can lead to respiratory alkalosis | hyperventilation |
the kidneys form additional bicarbonate to restore the pH to the physiologic range in | respiratory acidosis |
in order to successfully maintain a metabolic alkalosis an existing ___ ___ must be addressed | potassium deficiency |
can be a cause of respiratory alkadosis | pulmonary emphysema |
potassium depletion frequently accompanies ___ ___ caused by excess corticosteroids | metabolic alkalosis |
primary cause of ketosis is | type 1 diabetes |
acidosis in the term for blood pH becoming | acidic |
the lungs & kidneys control the body's | acid-base balance |
sufferers of decreased renal function, infants & athletes are all at greatest risk for | overhydration |
diarrhea & vomiting most commonly results in | dehydration |
A & D are the principal | extracellular ions |
overall electrical neutrality of the body is always | maintained |
in diabetes when excessive ketone bodies formed & in kidney failure with retention of nonvolatile acids | metabolic acidosis |
impaired lung function caused by chronic pulmonary disease | respiratory acidosis |
excessive loss of gastric juices (i.e. vomiting) & excessive corticosteroid hormones | metabolic acidosis |
hyperventilation; fall in alveolar PCO2 & blood carbonic acid | respiratory alkalosis |
the units of concentration of electrolytes are expressed in | milliequivalents per liter |
abbreviation for milliequivalents per liter | mEq/L |
acidosis occurs when blood pH | shifts to acid side of pH 7.4 |
alkalosis occurs when blood pH | shifts to alkaline side of pH 7.4 |
electrolytes are salts that dissociate in solution into | positively and negatively charged ions |
expression of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution, expressed as the negative
logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration | pH |