Question | Answer |
Mumps | Paramyxoviridae
ss - RNA
Enveloped
Complications: oophoritis, orchitis
CPE: Syncytial
MMR Vaccine (LAV)
-UR Tract, GI, Eye |
Parainfluenza | Paramyxoviridae
ss - RNA unsegmented
Enveloped (H-Hemagglutinin)
Respiratory infections, croup, barking cough, bronchitis
CPE= Syncytia |
Ebola and Marburg | Filoviridae
ss - RNA
Enveloped
Hemorrhagic fever
Zoonotic |
Measles | Paramyxoviridae
First Disease- Childhood Exanthems
Enveloped (H- Hemagglutinin)
Host Receptor: CD46
3Cs and P = coryza, conjunctivitis, cough, photophobia
Koplik's spot
rash
Complications: Subacute sclerosing encephalitis |
Influenza A,B,C | Orthomyxoviridae
Enveloped HA/NA
Host Receptor: Sialic Acid alpha 2,6-humans, alpha 2,3= birds
Genetic Drift- highest in A
genetic shift
amantidine/rimantadin- inhibit M2
zanomivir/oseltamivir-inhibit NA
replicates in the nucleus |
HIV | Retrovirus
ss -RNA
Enveloped: gp120 binds CD4, gp41 binds CCR5 or CCR4
RNA/DNA hybrid intermediate
AIDS
Antivirals: Fusion inhibitors, nucleoside analogues (AZT), non nucleoside RT inhibitors, integrase inhibitors, protease inhibitors |
Human T Cell leukemia Virus HTLV | Retrovirus
ss -RNA
T-cell leukemia and lymphoma
tumor virus; Tax activation- T cell growth factor CD4+ T cell |
Cocksackie (Enterovirus) | Picornaviridae
ss + RNA (VPg on 5' end) VP1-4, VP1 = attachment
Host Cell - CAR receptor
Unenveloped
A- Herpangia, Hand and foot, Meningitis
B- Carditis, Pleurodynia, Meningitis |
Echovirus | Picornaviridae (enterovirus)
ss + RNA VPg on 5' end
VP1-4, VP 1= attachment
ICAM Host cell recptor
Carditis, Meningitis
Pleconaril targets VP1 |
Rhinovirus | Picornaviridae
ss + RNA
VPg on 5' end
No envelope
common cold
Host cell receptor ICAM
Pleconaril targets VP1 |
Rubella Virus | Togaviridae
ss + RNA
third disease childhood exanthems
Enveloped
Hemagglutinin
Childhood/adult rubella
Congenital: Hearing loss, mental retardation, eye problems
Complications: arthritis, arthralgia |
Alphaviruses | Togaviridae
ss + RNA
Enveloped
Encephalitis
Arboviruses: vector borne- probably mosquitos |
West Nile, Dengue, Yellow fever | Flaviviridae
ss + RNA
Enveloped
Encephalitis, Hemorrhagic fever
Arboviruses- vector borne- mosquitos |
Rotavirus | Reoviridae
DS RNA segmented
Double layer capsid
VP4= hemagglutinin
no envelope
rotavirus A = mainly in infants; diarrhea day care
Rotavirus NSP4 has cholera like toxin activity
Vaccines: Rotateq, Rotarix |
Rabies | Rhabdoviridae
ss - RNA
Envelope, G-protein
zoonotic, host receptor - AchR and NCAM
Negri bodies seen in brain
Vaccination can be given after infection |
Arenaviridae | ss - RNA
2 circular single stranded RNA
Ambisense
Usually rodent vector
encephalitis, hemorrhagic fever, shock |
Bunyaviruses | Hantavirus
ss - RNA
Enveloped
Mainly encephalitis
Arbovirus - vector borne: mosquitos |
Human Corona Virus | Coronaviridae
ss + RNA
enveloped: E1 (M) E2(S)
Hemagglutinin
Looks like a solar corona
15-20% of common colds
-can cause rare GI infections |
SARS - Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome | Coronaviridae
ss + RNA
Enveloped
SARS- high fever- China
Liver damage
CPE: syncytial cells |
Norovirus | Calciviridae
ss + RNA
no envelope
gastroenteritis-most often in adults
often transmitted via contaminated food or H2O |
Poliovirus | Picornaviridae
ss + RNA
No envelope
Polio
PVR Receptor
Can cause: Abortive infection, aseptic, meningitis
Inactivated salk vaccine
Live Attenuated Vaccine |
Adenovirus | Adenoviridae
ds DNA
Capsid: fiber protein attachment to host, base protein
No envelope
Host Receptor: CAR
Inadequately chlorinated pools
Tumor Virus: E1A inactivates pRb, E1B inactivates p53
Resp. infections, pharyngoconjunctival fever, eye and GI |
HSV-1 | Herpesviridae
ds DNA
enveloped
Above the belt
Latent- trigeminal ganglion
Tzank smear- Cowdry type A inclusions
Acyclovir: nucleoside analogue needs viral Thymidine kinase for activation |
HSV -2 | Herpesviridae
ds DNA
Enveloped
Below the belt- genital/neonatal
latent- sacral ganglia
Tzank Smear cowdry type a inclusion bodies
Acyclovir: Nucleoside analogue needs viral thymidine kinase for activation |
Varicella Zoster | Herpesviridae
dsDNA
enveloped
chickenpox, shingles
latent- DRG
Pustules erupt at different times/stages |
Epstein Barr Virus EBV | Herpesviridae
ds DNA
enveloped
infectious mono, burkitt's lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma
latent- B lymphocytes, heterophile Ab (IgM)
atypical lymphs |
Cytomegalovirus CMV | herpesviridae
ds DNA
enveloped
congenital: microcephaly, rash, hepatosplenomegaly
Latent- T lymphs, cytomegalic inclusions "Owl's eye" |
HHV 6-7 | Herpesviridae
dsDNA
enveloped
Roseola infantum "6ths Disease" spiking fever, febrile seizures, mild rash
Latent B and T lymphocytes |
Parvovirus | Parvoviridae B19
ss DNA
No envelope
Erythema Infectiosum (5ths Disease) slapped cheeks
Congenital Infections- anemia, hydrops fetalis
Host Receptor: P globuloside, infects actively replicating cells (RBC precursors)
arthritis, arthralgia, aplastic a |
Smallpox | Poxviridae
ds DNA
enveloped
Replicates entirely in cytoplasm
Papules erupt at same time
Bioterrorism |
Molluscum Contagiosum | Poxviridae
dsDNA
Enveloped
wart like lesions
replication in cytoplasm |
HPV | Polyomaviridae
ds DNA
no envelope
Plantar and Genital warts
16, 18 = high risk cervical cancer
6,11 = low risk
Tumor virus inactivates p53, E7 inactivates pRb |
BK | Polyomaviridae
dsDNA
cystitis
Healthy-asymptomatic
Latent activation in immunocompromised
Tumor viruses: Large T inactivates p53 and pRb |
JC | Polyomaviridae
dsDNA
CNS and possible PME
Kidneys, B cells, monocyte lineage
Healthy-asymptomatic
latent activation immunocompromised
Tumor virus: Large T antigen inactivates p53 and pRb |
RSV (Respiratory Syncytial VIrus) | Paramyxoviridae
ss -RNA unsegmented
Enveloped
Hemagglutinin
Mainly in kids- eyes and nose-main cause of bronchiolitis
CPE = syncytia
Ribovirin= nucleoside analogue |