Term | Definition | example |
human communication | the process of one person stimulating meaning in the mind of another person by means of verbal and/or nonverbal messages | |
nonverbal communication | the process of one person stimulating meaning in the mind of another person by means of nonverbal messages | behaviors become communication when another person perceives them and attributes meaning to them |
accenting | the purposeful use of a nonverbal message to emphasize or highlight the verbal message | when a teacher drops lowers her voice to get the classes attention |
accidental communication | occurs when people behave and others attribute meaning to the behavior without the sender intending it | using a nonverbal behavior that was not meant for a receiver |
chronemics | the study of the communicative aspect of time | |
complementing | the use of a nonverbal message that is consistent with, reinforces, clarifies, or adds to the meaning of the verbal message | enhances each other, like a facial expression used without thinking about it |
contradicting | the use of a nonverbal message that disagrees or conflicts with the verbal message | sarcasm or someone crying and they say nothing is wrong |
haptics | the study of the communicative aspects of touch | |
human communication | the process of one person stimulating meaning in the mind of another person by means of verbal and/or nonverbal messages | |
kinesics | the study of the communicative aspects of gestures and bodily movements | |
nonverbal behavior | any of a wide variety of human behaviors that also have the potential for being interpreted as a communicative message | behaviors that have the potential for forming message |
nonverbal immediacy | an individual's nonverbal behavior that causes another person to have a feeling of physical or psychological closeness to that individual | |
oculesics | the study of the communicative aspects of eye behavior | |
olfactics | the study of the communicative aspects of scent and smell | |
proxemics | the study of the communicative aspects of space | |
regulating | the use of a nonverbal message to coordinate, manage, or regulate verbal interactions | raising your hand when not in class |
repeating | the use of a nonverbal message to represent the content of the verbal message, but a repeated message can also stand alone and still stimulate the same meaning as a verbal message | holding up two fingers while saying the word two |
substituting | the use of a nonverbal message in place of a verbal message | pointing for someone to leave without saying a word |
vocalics or paralanguage | the communicative aspects of the voice | |
Linguistic Distinction | presence/absence of language | sign language you need to know if it is a language system or not for it to be linguistic |
continuity distinction | do the messages stop | nonverbal messages do not stop |
processing distinction | left (logical) v. right (creative-nonverbal) brained | |
outcome distinction | cognitive vs. affective (emotional) function | saying i had a bad day vs. crying |
absolute distinction | implicit v. explicit meaning | |
interactions of verbal and nonverbal communication | complementing, accenting, contradicting, repeating, regulating, substituting | |
categories of nonverbal communication | physical appearance, kinesics, face & eye behavior (oculesics), vocalics/paralanguage, proxemics, haptics, environment, chronemics | |
Verbal communication | tends to be explicit | fully and clearly expressed |
Nonverbal communication | tends to be implicit | implied |