Question | Answer |
What are the three genre of dermatophyte infections | microsporum, trichophyton, and epidermophyton |
What is the prototype lesions of dermatophyte infections | annular, scaly patch with discrete border |
What are dermatophyte diseases referred to as | tinea |
Name where each of the following infect
tinea capitis
tinea corporis
tinea faciei
tine cruris
tinea pedis
tinea manuum
tinea unguium | tinea capitis- scalp
tinea corporis- body
tinea faciei- face
tinea cruris- groin/genitals
tinea pedis- feet
tinea manuum- hand
tinea unguium- nails |
Dermatphyte infection of the scalp that mainly infects children more common in african americans and hispanics. Transmission fostered by overcrowdin and poor hygiene in urban settings | Tinea Capitis |
Can cause black dot alopecia where hairs break off at level of scalp | tinea capitis |
Tinea capitis that has formed pustules or a boggy mass | kerion |
S/Sx associated with having a kerion | reional lymphadenopathy, scarring alopecia if in hair shaft. |
most commonly caused by T. Rubrum, M. Canis and T mentagrophytes is transmitted by direct contact with infected, person, animal or fomite | Tinea Corporis and Tinea faciei |
what aer the s/sx of tinea corporis/ tinea faciei | annular lesions with erythematous scaling, raised margins and central clearing |
Tinea infection that likes warm moist environments and has multiple red papulovesicles with well marginated raised border | Tinea Cruris |
most common dermatophyte infection, associated with occlusive shoes and communal baths/showers | tinea pedis and manuum |
What is the most common dermatophyte to cause tinea pedis and manuum | trichophyton rubrum |
what is associated with tinea pedis | toenail onchomycosis |
Tinea pedis can lead to secondary infection where and how | can cause secondary tinea cruris infection from pulling up underwear over feet |
what is the most common type of tinea pedis not the dermatophyte that causes it | intertrigionous type between 4th and 5th toe webs with fissuring and scaling |
Type of tinea pedis that has patchy or diffuse scaling over the soles frequently associated with tinea manuum "one hand two feet presentation) and associated with onychomycosis | tinea pedis mocassin foot |
tinea pedis marked by blisters and vesicles on the medial aspect of one or both feet | vesicular tinea pedis |
rare tinea pedis associated with maceration and weeping white overhydrated skin | ulcerative tinea pedis |
how do you confirm the diagnosis with tinea | KOH prep showing hyphae from scales or chains of spores in hair shaft |
What diagnosis technique can be used on tinea capitis | wood's lamp fluorescence |
What is the general treatment for tineas | topical antifungals- clotrimazole econazole, miconazole, oxiconazole |
what type of antifungal is inefective for tinea capitis and unguium | topical antifungals only systemic antifungals like lamisil and griseofulvin are effective |
What are the systemic antifungals | lamisil and griseofulvin |
What is meant by tinea incognito | dermatophyte infection that has been altered by use of oral or topical steroids so that it doesn't appear as a typical fungal infection |
What is the fungal infection that causes thickened yellowed nails with subungual debris. | Onychomycosis |
What is one of the recurrent problems with onychomcosis | may serve as a resevoir for repeated tinea pedis and tinea cruris |
How common is it for individuals with onychomycosis to have dermatophyte infection in another part of the body | 30% |
Disease associated with obesity, occlusive clothing, diabetes, and antibiotic therapy. KOH shows yeast forms and pseudohyphae | cutaneous candidiasis |
How can cutaneous candidiasis present | thrush, vaginitis, balanitis, intertrigo, nail infections, diaper dermatitis |
Systemic cutaneous candidiasis can be problematic in which way | it is life threatening |
What is the most common form of candida | thrush |
what are the S/sx of thrush | discrete white patches on the buccal mucosa, tongue and palate. scrapes off leaving a bright red surface |
what is the treatment for thrush | nystatin swishes or clotrimazole troches |
candida disease associated with lip licking, poorly fitting dentures and sagging skin around mouth | angular chelitis |
what is the treatment for angular chelitis | topical nystatin, minonazole, clotrimazole, or ketoconazole |
candinda of the groin, scrotum, axilla, inframammary region. | Intertrigo |
what are the S/Sx of candida intertrigo | vesicopustules, erythema, erosions, surrounded by peripheral scaling |
HOw is candida intertrigo different than tinea infections | generally redder and more macerated than tineas |
Scaly, hypo or hyperpigmented macules on trunk and proximal extremities caused my malassezia furfur. | Tinea Versicolor |
What is the best way to discover tinea versicolor | the lesions don't tan so you get white spots surrouned by tan skin. |
where is tinea versicolor common | tinea versicolor is common in warm humid environments |
In a KOH prep of tinea versicolor what are you going to see | spaghetti and meatballs = yeast and hyphae |
under a wood's lamp what color would tinea versicolor appear | yellow-green fluorescence |
What is the treatment for tinea versicolor | ketoconazole 2% shampoo or selsun shampoo |
inflammatory skin disease associated with abnormal skin cell turnover. Skin turnover is 3 days rather than normal 28. | Psoriasis |
what are the typical s/sx of psoriasis | has red thick plaques with adherent silvery scales |
what is the auspitz sign of psoriasis | punctate bleeding from lesion when scale is removed |
what is the koebner sign of psoriasis | appearance of new lesions at sites of trauma often linear |
where is psoriasis most common | scaly plaques on elbows, knees, and scalp |
What is guttate psoriasis | scattered pink scaly papules on trunk with an acute onset in children and streptococcal pharyngitis |
What are the s/sx of pustular psoriasis | generalized pustule, ill patient with fever, arthralgia, leukocytosis, hypocalcemia, hypoalbuminemia |
What is generalized redness and scaling called in psoriasis | erythroderma |
what are the associated diseases with psoriasis | nail pitting, onycholysis and oil spots
asymmetric arthritis- in small joints of hand and feet
gout- elevated uric acid levels |
what is the treatment for psoriasis | topical steroids
topical retinoids
topical vit D analogs
PUVA light therapy
Systemic: acitretin, methotrexate, cyclosporine
Immune modulators: etanercept, infliximab |
what are the systemic treatments for psoriasis | acitretin, methotrexate, cyclosporine |
what are the immune modulator that can be used to treat psoriasis | etanercept, infliximab |