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| 3 Major Functions of Cranial Nerves | 1. Provide motor and general sensory innervation to skin, muscles and joints in the head and neck
2. Mediate special senses (receptors are specifically located)
3. Carry parasympathetic innervation to ANS ganglia that control visceral functions |
| Cranial nerves contain ___, ___ and ____ axons | motor, visceral efferent and somatic afferent |
| Which cranial nerve nuclei are not located in the brainstem? | I and II |
| How ae the cranial nerves organized? | columns of motor nuclei and sensory nuclei |
| Most motor nuclei project to their target cells by a ____ cranial nerve | single |
| Many ____ and ____ tracts traverse the brainstem | somatic sensory and motor |
| most sensory nuclei receive afferent input from ____ cranial nerves | several |
| Which cranial nerves are used and abused by the autonomic nerve axons in th eperiphery to get to their target cells? | V (sympathetic), III VII, IX , and X (parasympathetic) |
| collection of cell bodies in the CNS | nuclei |
| collection of cell bodies outside the CNS | ganglia |
| collection of axons in CNS | tract |
| body wall | somatic |
| areas that are wet | viscera |
| Autonomic nerves that abuse cranial nerves are functionally distinct but they share the same ______ | epineurium (wrapped in same package) |
| Where are By what and where are cranial nerves III, VII, IX and X abused? | by the parasympathetic NS and along the preganglionic axons |
| By what and where is CN V abused? | by the sympathetic NS at the post-ganglionic axon |
| The autonomic NS is ____ only and has a ___ neuron "hook-up" | motor, 2 (pre and post ganglionic axons) |
| The sympathetic or thoraco-lumbar preganglionic nuclei are located in the ____ | brain |
| The sympathetic or cranio-sacral cell bodies (nuclei) are located in the | IMLCC (Intermediolateral Cell Column) of the spinal cord |
| Parasympathetic post-ganglionic nuclei are located in | named peripheral ganglia: ciliary (III), submandibular (VII), pterygopalatine (VII and V) and Otic (IX) |
| Sympathetic post-ganglionic axons abuse ___ | all arterial vessls in the head and all divisions of CN V |
| Sympathetic cell bodies that go to the body wall are in | chain ganglia to viscera in pre-aortic ganglia |
| The two subtypes of GSA | GSA exteroceptive (pain touch and temp); GSA proprioception |
| Which two functional compoents are always found together? | GVA and GVE |
| Name the 4 general functional components of the CNs | General Somatic Afferent, General Somatic Efferent, General Visceral Afferent, General Visceral Efferent |
| Name the 3 special functional components of the CNs | Special Somatic Afferent, Special Visceral Afferent, Special Visceral Efferent |
| The ______ of CN nuclei is maintained in the brainstem | Somatotaopy (sensory dorsal and motor ventral) |
| All sensory axons are ____ | bipolar |
| The pharyngial arches/pouches develop into what functional subtype of CN? | special visceral (endodermal origin) |
| Pharyngeal Arch/pouch I is associated with CN ____ | V (3) - the mandibular portion |
| Pharyngeal arch/pouch II is associated with CN ___ | VII |
| In general, CN motor nuclei are located ______ while the sensory nuclei are located more _____ | medially; laterally |
| What we typically think of as the olfactory nerve is actually | secondary neurons of the olfactory tract |
| small set of axons located behind the bridge of the nose in the upper turbinates | CN I: Olfactory Nerve |
| CN I functional component | Sensory: SVA * there is no efferent part to CN I |
| Loss of smell | anosmia |
| the nerve of vision | CN II: Optic Nerve |
| CN II functional component | Sensory: SSA |
| CN I distribution | olfactory mucosa |
| CN II distriubtion | retina |
| CN I nuclei location | olfactory bulb |
| A lesion to CN I would result in: | Anosmia |
| CN ___, ___ and ____ all control extraoccular muscles of the eye | III, IV, VI |
| Name the CN's I-XII | Olfactory, Optic, Oculomotor, Trochlear, Trigeminal, Abducens, Facial, Vestibulocochlear, Glossopharyngeal, Vagus, Spinal Accessory, Hypoglossal |
| drooping of the eyelids | ptosis |
| A lesion to CN III would cause | lateral strabismus (lazy eye),diplopia (double vision), ptosis(drooping eyelids), dilation of the pupil |
| CNs with nuclei in midbrain | 3, 4, 5*, 6*, 7*, 9*, 10*, 12*
* = nuclei located elsewhere as well |
| CNs with nuclei in the Pons | 5*, 6*, 7*, 8*, * = nuclei located elsewhere as well |
| CNs with nuclei in the Medulla | 5*, 7*, 8*, 9*, 10*, 11*, 12* * = nuclei located elsewhere as well |
| Location of CN XI (11) nuclei | ventral horn |
| The great sensory nerve of the head | CN V = Trigeminal nerve |
| 4 parts of CN 5 | Opthalmic (V1), Maxillary(V2), Mandibular(V3); portia minor |
| The great motor nerve of the head- controls facial expression and taste on the anterior 1/3 of tongue | CN VI: Facial Nerve |
| the nerve of hearing and balance | CN VIII: Vestibularcochlear Nerve |
| The nerve of teh thoracid and abdominal cavities | CN X: Vagus Nerve |
| Innervates the muscles of the tongue | CN XII: Hypoglossal Nerve |
| Unilateral lesion of CN XII will produce | tongue deviation o the same side as lesion |
| Receives info from CN VII, IX and X for taste | Solitary nucleus |
| A lesion to CN V can cause: | asymetrical chewing; anethesia of the face |
| Lesion to CN VI causes: | Internal (medial) strabismus *VI innervates the lateral rectus muscle of the eye |
| Lesion to CN VII can cause | Ipislateral facial paralysis, partial dry mouth, dry eye, lose of taste on anterior 2/3 of tongue, loss of propioception of facial muscles, anethesia near ear |
| A lesion to CN VIII can cause | nystagmus, disequilibrium, deafness, |
| A lesion to CN IX can cause | tachycardia, incrased blood pressure, anethesia of the upper pharynx, the loss of the gag reflex, loss of taste on posterior 1/3 of tongue, anethesia in middle ear cavity, paralysis of the stylopharyngeus mucle, decrease in salivatoin and dry mouth |
| Lesion to CN X can caue: | tachycardia, decreased peristalis, visceral disturbances, hoarseness, dysphonia, and dsyphagia (cant speak or swallow), minor taste loss, loss of cough and vomit reflexes, anethesia of the external acoustic meatis and tympanic membrane |
| A lesion to CN XI can cause: | Torticollis, atrophyof neck mucsles, drooping of shoulder |
| A lesion to CN XII can cause: | Tongue deviation to the side of lesion protrusion and atrophy of tongue |
| In development the alar plate will produce the _____ | sensory functional components |
| In development the basal plate will produce the _____ | motor functional components |
