Question | Answer |
Dopamine | dine muscle movement, integration of emotions and thoughts, decision making,stimulate hypothalamus |
dopamine decrease and increase | DECREASE:parkinsons and depression
INCREASE: schizophrenia and mania |
Norepinephrine | levels affect mood, stimulates sympathetic ANS for flight or fight response to stress, |
Norepinephrine decrease and increase | DECREASE: depression
INCREASE: mania, anxiety, schizophrenia |
Serotonin | role in sleep regulation, hunger, mood, pain perception, role in aggression and sexual behavior |
serotonin decrease and increase | DECREASE: depression
INCREASE: anxiety states |
Histamine | affects alertness, inflammatory response, stimulates gastric secretion |
Histamine decrease and increase | DECREASE: depression, sedation, weight gain |
GABA (Y-aminobutyric acid) | the breaks of the brain, role in inhibition: reduces aggression,excitation, and anxiety. role in pain perception, anticonvulsant and muscle relaxing properties |
GABA decrease and increase | DECREASE: anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, huntingtons chorea
INCREASE:reduces anxiety |
Glutamate | is excitatory, role in learning and memory |
Glutamate decrease and increase | DECREASE: psychomimetic state that resembles schizophrenia
INCREASE: improvement of cognitive performance in behavioral task |
ACh (acetylcholine | role in learning and memory, regulates mood: mania, sexual aggression. affects sexual aggressive behavior. stimulates parasympathetic nervous system |
ACh decrease and increase | DECREASE: alzheimers disease, huntingtons disease, parkinsons disease
INCREASE: depression |
Substance P | active SP antagonist has antidepressant and antianxiety effects in depression. promotes and reinforces memory. enhances sensitivity to pain receptors to activate |
Substance P affects mental health how? | involved in regulation of mood and anxiety. Role in pain managemnet |
Somatostatin | altered levels associated with cognitive disease |
Somatostatin decrease and increase | DECREASE: alzhiemers disease, decreased levels in spinal fluid associated with depression
INCREASE: huntingtond chorea |
Neurostatin associated with what?
decreased levels= what? | endogenous antipsychotic-like properties
DECREASE: lower levels found in spinal fluid of schizphrenic clients |
Limbic system | the emotional center of the brain, connects with temperol lobe |
Frontal lobe | formulate and select goals, plan. Initiate,plan and terminate actions. Decision making, insight, motivation, social judgment. Voluntary motor ability starts in frontal lobe |
Patient rights include (pg 76) | involved in planing,refuse trtmnt (including meds), to request to leave AMA, to be protected from harm by self or others,to be evaluated w/in 72 hrs of req for discharge AMA, legal counsel, to vote,talk privately on phone,informed consent,confidentiality, |
patient rights continued | to choose or refuse visitors, informed of research and refuse to participate,least restrictive means of treatment, to send/receive mail and be present at inspection, keep nondangerous belongings, practice religion and lodge complaints via clear procedure |
beneficence | to take action that benefits or promotes the good of others. Exp: staying at bedside of extremely anxious patient even after end of shift until replacement is found. |
autonomy | right to make own decisions and respect rights of others to make their own decisions. exp: acknowledging clients rights to make decisions that don't conform with medical recommendation. |
Fidelity | (nonmaleficence) maintaining loyalty and commitment to client and doing no wrong to client. exp:showing commitment to clinical expertise by continuing edu. |
Veracity | duty to tell the truth. exp: giving truthful info regarding diagnosis, treatment, prognosis. limiting info may be needed when truth would knowingly harm client. |
right to refusal | client has right to refuse participation in experimental or research procedures. |
right to communication | client has right to communicate fully and privately with people outside of facility |
freedom from harm | client has right to be free of unneeded or excessive physical or chemical restraint, isolation, abuse and neglect |
right to treatment and discharge plan | right to written treatment plan, review and update and discharge planing |
involuntary admission | danger to self or others, or unable to meet own basic needs. can be judicial, administrative and agency determination. # of physicians must certify its needed. emergency, observational and temporary and long term (60-180 days) |
emergency involuntary admission | last 1-10 days, can be done by police, physicians and mental health professionals |
discharge | unconditional release |
right to refuse treatment | justification of forcible medication to prevent harm to others and self and to reserve security becomes is based on public protection not individual treatment. In Fl can give involuntary meds for 48 hrs. |
restraint and seclusion | document professional judgment regarding use of any restraint or seclusion. need written order by physician, specific time limited orders, condition reveiw often (every 15 min)& documented,original order reviewed every 24 hrs & type of restraint specified |
Duty to warn | Tarasoff case: must warn a clients potential victim of potential harm. notifying victim, victims family and police covers you. I need to tell treatment team. |
child and elder abuse reporting | must report suspected cases including dependent adults (18-64 yrs old) elder is over 65. If found out during drug abuse treatment must have court order, report w/out identifying client as in treatment of drug treatment or anonymously. |
refusing an assignment | if you believe staffing pattern is not safe you can make written appeal to nursing supervisor and have concerns documented. |
assault and battery | assault : threat
battery: touching and following through with threat |
false imprisonment | cant prevent a voluntary client from leaving if there are no written agency or legal policies. in involuntary and/or agreed to evaluation before discharge then ok to refuse. |
negligence | 1)duty 2)breach of duty 3)cause in fact 4)proximate cause 5)damages. |