| Question |
Answer |
| polis | the Greek word for a city- state |
| classical | an age that is marked by great achievements |
| acropolis | a high hill |
| agora | public meeting place |
| democracy | a type of government in which people rule themselves |
| aristocrats | rich landowners |
| oligarchy | a government in which a few rich people have power |
| citizens | people who had the right to participate |
| tyrant | a leader who held power through the use of force |
| Pisistratus | Greek tyrant |
| Cleisthenes | overthrew the aristocracy forever. He created the worlds first democratic government |
| mythology | a body of stories about gods and heroes that try to explain how the world works |
| Homer | Poet. Wrote the Odyssey and the Illiad |
| Sappho | Female Lyric poet |
| Aesop | Wrote Fables that teach people important lessons |
| Fables | short stories that teach the reader lessons about life or give advice on how to live |
| cavalry | a unit of soldiers who ride horses |
| Persian wars | a series of wars between Persia and Greece that was started when Darius I sailed to the plains of marathon near Athens |
| Xerxes I | Darius's son. Tried to reconquer Greece. Won the battle of Thermopylae |
| alliance | and agreement to work together |
| Peloponnesian War | a war between Sparta and Athens |
| Phillip II | king of Macedonia defeated Athens and obtained the rest of Greece as their leader |
| phalanx | a group of warriors who stood close together in a square |
| Alexander the Great | Phillip II's son. Created the Persian Empire. Took over from Macedonia to Egypt and India. When his soldiers got to the Indus river they stopped conquering. He died days after visiting Babylonia |
| Hellenistic | Greek-like |
| Hellenistic Macedonia | taken over by the Romans in the mid-100's BC |
| Hellenistic Syria | Taken over by the Romans in the 60s BC |
| Hellenistic Egypt | Taken over by the Romans in 30 BC |
| Socrates | teacher. taught by asking questions and questioning other beliefs. Sentenced to death |
| Plato | Teacher and Philosopher. Created the Academy. Thought that the government should be run by Philosophers. Wrote the Republic |
| Aristotle | Plato's student. Believed people should have balance in their lives. |
| reason | clear and ordered thinking
|
| Euclid | Mathematician |
| Hippocrates | Doctor. Created the Hippocratic Oath |
| Republic | people elect leaders to govern them |
| dictators | rulers with almost absolute power |
| Plebians | common people |
| Patricians | Nobles |
| magistrates | the first part of the Roman Government |
| Consuls | The two most powerful magistrates in Rome. Could only hold office for 2 years |
| Roman Senate | a council of wealthy and powerful Romans the advised the city's leaders |
| veto | to prohibit |
| latin | the Roman Language |
| Checks and balances | methods to balance power and keep any one part of a government from becoming stronger or more influential than the others |
| Forum | Rome's public meeting place |
| legions | a group of 6,000 soldiers |
| Punic wars | a series of wars against Carthage, a city in Northern Africa |
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