6th Ancient History Final Exam Chapters eight nine and ten
Question
Answer
polis
the Greek word for a city- state
classical
an age that is marked by great achievements
acropolis
a high hill
agora
public meeting place
democracy
a type of government in which people rule themselves
aristocrats
rich landowners
oligarchy
a government in which a few rich people have power
citizens
people who had the right to participate
tyrant
a leader who held power through the use of force
Pisistratus
Greek tyrant
Cleisthenes
overthrew the aristocracy forever. He created the worlds first democratic government
mythology
a body of stories about gods and heroes that try to explain how the world works
Homer
Poet. Wrote the Odyssey and the Illiad
Sappho
Female Lyric poet
Aesop
Wrote Fables that teach people important lessons
Fables
short stories that teach the reader lessons about life or give advice on how to live
cavalry
a unit of soldiers who ride horses
Persian wars
a series of wars between Persia and Greece that was started when Darius I sailed to the plains of marathon near Athens
Xerxes I
Darius's son. Tried to reconquer Greece. Won the battle of Thermopylae
alliance
and agreement to work together
Peloponnesian War
a war between Sparta and Athens
Phillip II
king of Macedonia defeated Athens and obtained the rest of Greece as their leader
phalanx
a group of warriors who stood close together in a square
Alexander the Great
Phillip II's son. Created the Persian Empire. Took over from Macedonia to Egypt and India. When his soldiers got to the Indus river they stopped conquering. He died days after visiting Babylonia
Hellenistic
Greek-like
Hellenistic Macedonia
taken over by the Romans in the mid-100's BC
Hellenistic Syria
Taken over by the Romans in the 60s BC
Hellenistic Egypt
Taken over by the Romans in 30 BC
Socrates
teacher. taught by asking questions and questioning other beliefs. Sentenced to death
Plato
Teacher and Philosopher. Created the Academy. Thought that the government should be run by Philosophers. Wrote the Republic
Aristotle
Plato's student. Believed people should have balance in their lives.
reason
clear and ordered thinking
Euclid
Mathematician
Hippocrates
Doctor. Created the Hippocratic Oath
Republic
people elect leaders to govern them
dictators
rulers with almost absolute power
Plebians
common people
Patricians
Nobles
magistrates
the first part of the Roman Government
Consuls
The two most powerful magistrates in Rome. Could only hold office for 2 years
Roman Senate
a council of wealthy and powerful Romans the advised the city's leaders
veto
to prohibit
latin
the Roman Language
Checks and balances
methods to balance power and keep any one part of a government from becoming stronger or more influential than the others
Forum
Rome's public meeting place
legions
a group of 6,000 soldiers
Punic wars
a series of wars against Carthage, a city in Northern Africa
MedTemCP5 Word+Pics
