Term | Definition |
ankylosis | stiffening of a joint, especially as a result of disease |
arthralgia | severe joint pain |
arthritis | any of various conditions involving joint inflammation |
atrophy | wasting away of tissue, organs, & cells, usually as a result of disease or loss of blood supply |
bony necrosis | death of portions of bone |
bunion | an inflamed bursa at the foot joint, between the big toe & the first metatarsal bone |
bursitis | inflammation of a bursa |
calcar | spur |
carpal tunnel syndrome | pain & paresthesia in the hand due to repetitive motion injury of the median nerve |
chondromalacia | softening of cartilage |
closed fracture | fracture with no open skin wound |
colles fracture | fracture of the lower end of the radius |
comminuted fracture | fracture with shattered bones |
complex fracture | fracture with part of the bone displaced |
complicated fracture | fracture involving extensive soft tissue injury |
compound fracture | fracture with an open skin wound; open fracture |
compression fracture | fracture of one or more vertebrae caused by compressing of the space between the vertebrae |
contracture | extreme resistance to the stretching of a muscle |
crepitation, crepitus | noise mad bey rubbing together of bones |
degenerative arthritis | arthritis with erosion of the cartilage |
dislocation | movement of a joint out of its normal position as a result of an injury or sudden, strenuous movemnet |
distonia | abnormal tone in tissues |
epiphysitis | inflammation of the epiphysis |
exostosis | abnormal bone growth capped with cartilage |
flaccid | without tone; relaxed |
fracture | a break, especially in a bone |
gouty arthritis, gout | inflammation of the joints, present in gout; usually caused by uric acid crystals |
greenstick fracture | fracture with twisting or bending of the bone but no breaking; usually occurs in children |
hairline fracture | fracture with no bone separation or fragmentation |
herniated disk | protrusion of an intervertebral disk into the neural canal |
hypertrophy | abnormal increase as in muscle size |
hypotonia | abnormally reduced muscle tension |
impacted fracture | fracture in which a fragment from one part of the fracture is driven into the tissue of another part |
incomplete fracture | fracture that does not go entirely through a bone |
kyphosis | abnormal posterior spine curvature |
leiomyoma | benign tumor of smooth muscle |
leiomyosarcoma | malignant tumors of smooth muscle |
lordosis | abnormal anterior spine curvature resulting in a sway back |
muscular dystrophy | progressive degenerative disorder affecting the musculoskeletal system and, later, other organs |
myalgia | muscle pain |
myeloma | bone marrow tumor |
myodynia | muscle pain |
myoma | benign muscle tumor |
myositis | inflammation of a muscle |
open fracture | fracture with an open skin wound; compound fracture |
ostealgia | bone pain |
osteoarthritis | arthritis with loss of cartilage |
osteodynia | bone pain |
osteoma | benign bone tumor, usually on the skull or mandible |
osteomyelitis | inflammation of the bone marrow and surrounding bone |
osteoporosis | degenerative thinning of bone |
osteosarcoma | malignant tumor of bone |
pathological fracture | fracture occurring at the site of already damaged bone |
phantom limb; phantom pain | pain felt in a paralyzed or amputated limb |
physical therapy | movement therapy to restore use of damaged areas of the body |
podagra | pain win the big toe, often associated with gout |
rhabdomyoma | benign tumor in striated muscle |
rhabdomyosarcoma | malignant tumor in striated muscle |
rheumatoid arthritis | autoimmune disorder affecting connective tissue |
irckets | disease of the skeletal system, usually caused by vitamin D deficiency |
rigidity | stiffness |
rigor | stiffening |
sciatica | pain in the lower back, usually radiating down the leg, from a herniated disk or there injury or condition |
scoliosis | abnormal lateral curvature of the spinal column |
sequestrum | piece of dead tissue or bone separated from the surrounding area |
simple fracture | fracture with no open skin wound |
spasm | sudden, involuntary muscle contraction |
spastic | tending to have spasms |
spina bifida | congenital defect with deformity of the spinal column |
spinal curvature | abnormal curvature of the spine |
spondylolisthesis | degenerative condition in which one vertebra misaligns with the one below it; slipped disk |
spondylolysis | degenerative condition of the moving part of a vertebra |
sprain | injury to a joint without dislocation or fracture. (can involve a ligament). this is worse than a strain and often takes longer to heal than does a fracture & can be more painful |
spur | bony projection growing out of a bone; calcar |
strain | injury to a muscle as a result of improper use or overuse |
subluxation | partial dislocation, as between joint surfaces |
talipes calcaneus | deformity of the heal resulting from weakened calf muscles |
talipes valgus | foot deformity characterized by eversion of the foot |
talipes varus | foot deformity characterized by inversion of the foot |
tendinitis, tendonitis | inflammation of a tendon |
tatany | painfully long muscle contraction |
tremor | abnormal, repetitive muscle contractions |
amputation | cutting of a limb or part of a limb |
arthrocentesis | removal of fluid from a joint with use of puncture needle |
arthrodesis | surgical fusion of a joint to stiffen it |
arthroplasty | surgical replacement or repair of a joint |
bone grafting | transplantation of bone from one site to another |
bunionectomy | removal of a bunion |
bursectomy | removal of a bursa |
casting | forming a cast in a mold; placing of fiberglass or plaster over a body part to prevent its movement |
external fixation device | device applied externally to hold a limb in place |
internal fixation device | device, such as a pin, inserted in bone to hold it in place |
laminectomy | removal of part of an intervertebral disk |
myoplasty | surgical repair of muscle tissue |
orthosis, orthotic | external appliance used to immobilize or assist the movement of the spine or limbs |
osteoclasis | breaking of a bone in order to repair or reposition it |
osteoplasty | surgical replacement or repair of bone |
osteotomy | cutting of a bone |
prosthetic device | artificial device used as a substitute for missing or diseased body part |
reduction | return of a part to its normal position |
splinting | applying a splint to immobilize a body part |
spondylosyndesis | fusion of two or more spinal vertebrae |
synovectomy | removal of part or all of a joint's synovial membrane |
tenotomy | surgical cutting of a tendon |
traction | dragging or pulling or straightening of something, as a limb, by attachment of elastic or other devices |