question | answer |
Occipitofrontalis | raise of the eyebrow |
Orbicularis | closes the eyelids and causes "crows feet" wrinkles in the skin at the lateral corner of the eye. |
Orbicularis oris | puckers the lips |
Buccinator | flattens the cheeks |
Orbicularis and buccinator | kissing lips |
Zygomaticus | smiling muscles |
Levator labii superioris | sneering |
Depressor anguli oris | frowning |
Muscles of the Head and neck | facial muscles |
Mastication | chewing |
How many pairs mastication muscles ? | four |
How many pair of pterygoids? | two |
Intrinsic tongue muscles | change the shape of the tongue |
Extrinsic Tongue muscles | move the tongue |
Sternocleidomastoid | lateral neck muscle and prime mover |
Platysma | sheetlike muscle that covers the anterolateral neck |
Erector spine | group of muscles on each side of the back. |
Responsibility of erector spine | keeping back straight and body erect |
Thoracic Muscle | mucsles that move the thorax |
Most involved in breathing | External intercostals and Internal intercostals |
External intercostals | elevate the ribs during inspiration |
Internal intercostals | contract during forced expiration |
Diaphragm | accomplishes quiet breathing |
Diaphragm shape | Dome-shape muscle |
Abdominal wall muscle | flex and rotate the vertebral column, compress the abdominal cavity, hold in the abdominal viscera |
Linea alba | the tendinous area of the abdominal wall |
What does the Linea alba consist of ? | white connective tissue rather than muscle |
Tendinous inscriptions | Crosses the rectus abdominis at three or more locations |
Scapular Movement | Trapezius, Serratus Anterior |
Trapezius | Rotates scapula |
Serratus Anterior | pulls scapula anteriorly |
Arm Movement | Pectoralis major, Latissimus dorsi, Deltoid muscle |
what is the arm attacked to? | Attached to thorax |
Pectoralis Major | adducts and flexes arm |
Latissimus Doris | Medially rotates, adducts, powerfully extends the arm, |
Swimmer Muscles | Latissimus Doris |
Deltoid | Attaches the humerus to the scapula and clavicle. major abductor of Upper Limb |
Forearm Movement | Triceps Brachii, Biceps Brachii, Brachialis, Brachioradialis |
Triceps Brachii | Extends the forearm, Occupies the Posterior compartment of the arm |
Biceps Brachii | Flexes the forearm, Occupies the anterior compartment of arm |
Brachialis | Flexes forarm |
Broachioradialis | Flexes and supinates the forearm |
Wrist Movement | Flexor, Extensor Carpi |
Fingers Movement | Flexor, Extensor digitorum |
Flexor Carpi | Flexes the wrist |
Externsor Carpi | Extends the wrist |
Flexor Digitorum | Flexes the fingers |
Extends Digitorum | Extends the fingers |
How many hand Muscles | 19 |
Intrinsic Hands Muscles | Hand muscles |
Interossi Muscles | located between metacarpals, respondible for abduction and adduction of the fingers |
Thigh Movement | Gluteus maximus, Gluteus Medius |
Gluteus Maximus | Buttocks, Contributes most of the mass |
Gluteus Medius | Hip muscles and common injection site. |
Leg movement | Quadriceps femoris, Sartorius, Hamstring muscles |
Quadriceps femoris | extends the leg, anterior thigh muscle |
Sartorius | Tailors Muscle, flexes thigh |
Hamstring Muscle | Posterior thigh muscle, flexes the leg and extends the thigh |
Gastrocnemius and soleus | form the calf muscles |
Calcaneal tendon | flex the foot and toes |
Achilles tendons | Calcaneal tendons |
Peroneus Muscle | The lateral muscles of the leg |
intrinsic foot muscle | flex extends, abduct, adduct the toes |
20 muscles located with the foot | Intrinsic foot muscles |
4 major Functions | Contractility, Excitablilty, Extensibility, Elasticity |
Contractility | Ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force |
Excitability | Capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus |
Extensibility | Ability to stretched |
Elasticity | recoil to their original resting length after they have been stretched |
Epimysium | Each skeletal muscle is surrounded by connective tissue sheath |
Fascia | Connective tissue located outside Epimysium, surrounds and separates muscles. |
Permiysium | surrounded by loose connective tissue |
Fibers | Fasciculi are composed of single muscles |
Endomysium | Each fiber is surrounded by connective tissue sheath |
cytoplasm of each fiber | Myofibrils |
Myofibrils | threadlike structure that extends from one end of the fiber to the other. |
Actin Myofilaments | thin, 2 minutes strands of pearls twisted together |
Myosin | thick, bundles of minute golf clubs |
Sacomeres | Actin and myosin myofilaments form highly ordered units |
Resting membrane potential | outside of most cell membranes is positively charged, inside of the cell membrane, negatively charged. |
Motor neurons | nerve cells carry actin potentials to skeletal muscle fibers |
Muscle Twitch | contraction of an entire muscle in response to a simulus that causes the actin potential in one or more muscle fibers |
3 phases | lag, contraction, relaxation |
Lag Phase | beginning of a contraction |
Contraction Phase | time of contraction |
Relaxation Phase | time during which the muscle relaxes |