| Question |
Answer |
| angina pectoris | severe chest pain resulting when the myocardium is deprived of suffficient oxygen |
| arteriole | small branch of an artery |
| artery | vessel carrying blood away from the heart |
| AV valve | two valves that seperate the atrial chambers from the ventricles |
| atrium | chamber or cavity |
| AV bundle | fibers in the heart that relay a nerve impulse from the AV node to the ventricles; also known as the bundle of His |
| AV node | small mass of specialized cardiac muscle tissue; part of the conduction system of the heart |
| bicuspid valve (mitral valve) | one of the two AV valves that are located between the left atrium and ventricle |
| capillary | tiny vessels that connect arterioles and venules |
| cardiac output | volume of blood pumped by one ventricle per minute |
| cardiopulmonary resusitation | combined external cardiac massage and artificial respiration |
| central venous pressure | venous blood pressure within the right atrium that influences the pressure in the large pripheral veins |
| coronary artery | the first artery to branch off the aorta; supplies blood to the myocardium |
| coronary bypass surgery | surgery to relieve severely restricted coronary blood flow; veins are take from other parts of the body to bypass the partial blockage |
| coronary circulation | delivery of oxygen and removal of waste product from the myocardium |
| coronary sinus | area that recieves deoxygenated blood from the coronary veins and empties into the right atrium |
| coronary vein | |
| diastole | relaxation of the heart, interposed between its contractions; opposite of systole |
| diastolic pressure | blood pressure in arteries during diastole of heart |
| ductus arteriosus | connects the aorta and the pulmonary artery, allowing most blood to bypass the fetus' developing lungs |
| ductus venous | a continuation of the umbilical vein that shunts blood returning from the placenta past the fetus' developing liver directly into the inferior vena cava |
| ECG (electrocardiogram) | graphic record of the heart's action potentials |
| endocarditis | inflammation of the lining of the heart |
| endocardium | thin layer of very smooth tissue lining each chamber of the heart |
| epicardium | the inner layer of the pericardium that covers the surface of the heart; it is also called the visceral pericardium |
| foramen ovale | shunts blood from the right atrium directly into the left atrium, allowing most blood to bypass the baby's developing lungs |
| hepatic portal circulation | the route of blood flow through the liver |
| | |
| myocardial infarction | death of cardiac muscle cells resulting from inadequate blood supply as in coronary thrombosis |
| myocardium | muscle of the heart |
| P wave | deflection on an ECG that occurs with depolarization of the atria |
| pericarditis | when the pericardium becomes inflamed |
| pericardium | membrane that surrounds the heart |
| peripheral resistance | resistance to blood flow encountered in the peripheral arteries |
| pulmonary circulation | venous blood flow from the right atrium to the lung and returning to the left atrium |
| pulse | alternating expansion and recoil of the arterial walls produced by the alternate contraction and relaxation of the ventricles; travels as a wave away from the heart |
| Purkinje fibers | specialized cells located in the walls of the ventricles; relay nerve impulses from the AV node to the ventricles causing them to contract |
| QRS complex | deflection on an ECG that occurs as a result of depolarization of the ventricles |
| semilunar valve | valves located between the two ventricular chambers and the large arteries that carry blood away from the heart; valves found in the veins |
| sinoatrial node | the heart's pacemaker; where the impulse conduction of the heart normally starts; located in the wall of the right atrium near the opening of the superior vena cava |
| stroke volume | the amount of blood that is ejected from the ventricles of the heart with each beat |
| systemic circulation | blood flow from the left ventricle to all parts of the body and back to the right atrium |
| systole | contraction of the heart muscle |
| systolic pressure | force with which blood pushes against artery walls when ventricles contract |
| T wave | deflection on an electrocardiogram that occurs with repolarization of the ventricles |
| tricuspid valve | the valve located between the right atrium and ventricle |
| umbilical artery and vein | artery: two arteries carrying oxygen poor blood away from the developing fetus to the placentavein: carries oxygen rich blood from the placenta to the developing fetus |
| vasomotor mechanism | factors that control changes in the diameter of arterioles by changing the tension of smooth muscles in the vessel walls |
| vein | vessel carrying blood toward the heart |
| ventricle | small cavities |
| venule | small blood vessels that collect blood from the capillaries and join to form veins |
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