severe chest pain resulting when the myocardium is deprived of suffficient oxygen
arteriole
small branch of an artery
artery
vessel carrying blood away from the heart
AV valve
two valves that seperate the atrial chambers from the ventricles
atrium
chamber or cavity
AV bundle
fibers in the heart that relay a nerve impulse from the AV node to the ventricles; also known as the bundle of His
AV node
small mass of specialized cardiac muscle tissue; part of the conduction system of the heart
bicuspid valve (mitral valve)
one of the two AV valves that are located between the left atrium and ventricle
capillary
tiny vessels that connect arterioles and venules
cardiac output
volume of blood pumped by one ventricle per minute
cardiopulmonary resusitation
combined external cardiac massage and artificial respiration
central venous pressure
venous blood pressure within the right atrium that influences the pressure in the large pripheral veins
coronary artery
the first artery to branch off the aorta; supplies blood to the myocardium
coronary bypass surgery
surgery to relieve severely restricted coronary blood flow; veins are take from other parts of the body to bypass the partial blockage
coronary circulation
delivery of oxygen and removal of waste product from the myocardium
coronary sinus
area that recieves deoxygenated blood from the coronary veins and empties into the right atrium
coronary vein
diastole
relaxation of the heart, interposed between its contractions; opposite of systole
diastolic pressure
blood pressure in arteries during diastole of heart
ductus arteriosus
connects the aorta and the pulmonary artery, allowing most blood to bypass the fetus' developing lungs
ductus venous
a continuation of the umbilical vein that shunts blood returning from the placenta past the fetus' developing liver directly into the inferior vena cava
ECG (electrocardiogram)
graphic record of the heart's action potentials
endocarditis
inflammation of the lining of the heart
endocardium
thin layer of very smooth tissue lining each chamber of the heart
epicardium
the inner layer of the pericardium that covers the surface of the heart; it is also called the visceral pericardium
foramen ovale
shunts blood from the right atrium directly into the left atrium, allowing most blood to bypass the baby's developing lungs
hepatic portal circulation
the route of blood flow through the liver
myocardial infarction
death of cardiac muscle cells resulting from inadequate blood supply as in coronary thrombosis
myocardium
muscle of the heart
P wave
deflection on an ECG that occurs with depolarization of the atria
pericarditis
when the pericardium becomes inflamed
pericardium
membrane that surrounds the heart
peripheral resistance
resistance to blood flow encountered in the peripheral arteries
pulmonary circulation
venous blood flow from the right atrium to the lung and returning to the left atrium
pulse
alternating expansion and recoil of the arterial walls produced by the alternate contraction and relaxation of the ventricles; travels as a wave away from the heart
Purkinje fibers
specialized cells located in the walls of the ventricles; relay nerve impulses from the AV node to the ventricles causing them to contract
QRS complex
deflection on an ECG that occurs as a result of depolarization of the ventricles
semilunar valve
valves located between the two ventricular chambers and the large arteries that carry blood away from the heart; valves found in the veins
sinoatrial node
the heart's pacemaker; where the impulse conduction of the heart normally starts; located in the wall of the right atrium near the opening of the superior vena cava
stroke volume
the amount of blood that is ejected from the ventricles of the heart with each beat
systemic circulation
blood flow from the left ventricle to all parts of the body and back to the right atrium
systole
contraction of the heart muscle
systolic pressure
force with which blood pushes against artery walls when ventricles contract
T wave
deflection on an electrocardiogram that occurs with repolarization of the ventricles
tricuspid valve
the valve located between the right atrium and ventricle
umbilical artery and vein
artery: two arteries carrying oxygen poor blood away from the developing fetus to the placentavein: carries oxygen rich blood from the placenta to the developing fetus
vasomotor mechanism
factors that control changes in the diameter of arterioles by changing the tension of smooth muscles in the vessel walls
vein
vessel carrying blood toward the heart
ventricle
small cavities
venule
small blood vessels that collect blood from the capillaries and join to form veins
HHS Shrek
