Term | Answer |
Genetics | The scientific study of heredity |
Gregor Mendel | A monk in a monastery who experimented with genetics of pea plants and lived in Vienna Austria |
Traits | A characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes |
Heredity | The passing of traits from parents to offspring |
P generation | Parental generation |
F1 generation | Offspring of P generation |
F2 generation | offspring of F1 generation |
Genes | A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a special trait |
Alleles | The different forms of a gene |
Recessive alleles | An allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present |
Dominant alleles | An allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present |
Hybrid | An organism that has two different alleles for a trait; an organism that is heterozygous for a particular trait |
Chromosome | A doubled rod of condensed chromatin; contains DNA that carries genetic information |
DNA | Deoxyribonucleic acid; the genetic material that carried information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring |
Genotype | An organisms genetic makeup, or allele combinations |
Phenotype | An organisms physical appearance, or visible traits |
Heterozygous | Having two different alleles for a trait (different) |
Homozygous | Having two identical alleles for a trait (the same) |
Meiosis | The process that occurs in sex cells by which the number of chromosome is reduced by half |
Mitosis | The stage of the cell cycle during which the cells nucleus divides into two nuclei and one copy f the DNA is distributed into each daughter cell |
Punnett Square | A chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross |
Probability | The likelihood that a particular event will occur |
Codominance | A condition in which neither of the two alleles of a gene is dominant or recessive |
Fraternal twin | Separate genetic material |
Identical twin | Same genetic material |
Clone | An organism that is genetically identical to the organism from which it was produced |