Term | Definition |
Conglomerate | Type: Detrital
Texture: Clastic
Grain Size: Gravel, Coarse, >2mm
Grain Shape: Rounded
Depositional Environment: Alluvial fans, river beds |
Breccia | Type: Detrital
Texture: Clastic
Grain Size: Gravel, Coarse, >2mm
Grain Shape: Angular
Depositional Environment: Base of slopes |
Quartz Sandstone | Type: Detrital
Texture: Clastic
Grain Size: Sand, Medium, (1/16-2)mm
Grain Shape: Sub-rounded to rounded
Depositional Environment: Rivers, shorelines, lake shores, alluvial fans, deserts, tidal bars, tidal flats, deltas, shallow marine |
Oolitic Limestone | Type: Chemical precipitate
Texture: Clastic
Mineral Composition: Calcite
Depositional Environment: coastline, tidal bars, shallow marine |
Jasper (red colored) | Type: Chemical precipitate
Texture: Crystalline
Mineral Composition: Fine-grained silica
Depositional Environment: Abyssal plain |
Flint (dark colored) | Type: Chemical precipitate
Texture: Crystalline
Mineral Composition: Fine-grained silica
Depositional Environment: Abyssal plain |
Chert (light colored) | Type: Chemical precipitate
Texture: Crystalline
Mineral Composition: Fine-grained silica
Depositional Environment: Abyssal plain |
Dolomite | Type: Chemical precipitate
Texture: Crystalline
Mineral Composition: Dolomite
Depositional Environment: Shallow marine, lagoons |
Gypsum | Type: Chemical precipitate
Texture: Crystalline
Mineral Composition: Gypsum
Depositional Environment: Lagoons, deserts |
Chalk | Type: Chemical precipitate
Texture: Clastic
Mineral Composition: Calcite
Depositional Environment: Deep marine |
Travertine | Type: Chemical precipitate
Texture: Crystalline
Mineral Composition: Calcite
Depositional Environment: Caves, hot springs |
Rock Salt | Type: Chemical precipitate
Texture: Crystalline
Mineral Composition: Lagoons, deserts |
Fossiliferous Limestone | Type: Chemical precipitate
Texture: Clastic
Mineral Composition: Calcite
Depositional Environment: coastline, tidal bars, shallow marine |
Micrite | Type: Chemical precipitate
Texture: Crystalline
Mineral Composition: Calcite
Depositional Environment: deep marine |
Shale | Type: Detrital
Texture: Clastic
Grain Size: Clay, very fine, (<1/256)mm
Grain Shape: angular to sub-angular to sub-rounded
Depositional Environment: Lakes, swamps, coastline, tidal flats, lagoons, deltas, shallow marine, deep marine, abyssal plain |
Coquina | Type: Chemical precipitate
Texture: Clastic
Mineral Composition: Calcite
Depositional Environment: Coastline |
Coal | Type: Organic
Texture: Clastic
Mineral Composition: Compressed organic matter
Grain Shape: N/A
Depositional Environment: Low oxygen swamps or bogs |
Siltstone | Type: Detrital
Texture: Clastic
Grain Size: Silt, Fine, (1/16-1/256)mm
Grain Shape: Angular to sub-angular
Depositional Environment: River floodplains, tidal flats, deltas |
Arkose | Type: Detrital
Texture: Clastic
Grain Size: Sand, Medium, (1/16-2)mm
Grain Shape: Sub-angular to sub-rounded
Depositional Environment: Alluvial fans, rivers near granite outcrops |