Question | Answer |
tendon | narrow band of nonelastic, dense, fibrous tissue that attaches muscle to bone |
skeletal muscles | attach to bones to make movement possible |
smooth muscle | muscles located in the walls of digestive tract, blood vessels, ducts |
cardiac muscle | forms the wall of the heart |
myocardial | refers to heart muscle |
kinesiology | study of muscular mactivity or movement |
contraction | tightening of a muscle; it becomes smaller & tighter |
relaxation | muscle becomes longer & thinner; muscle in its original form |
tonus | normal muscle tension |
neuromuscular | refers to the relationship between nerve and muscle |
abduction | movement away from the midline |
adduction | movement toward the midline |
flexion | decreases an angle as in bending |
elevation | raises a body part |
extension | increases an angle as in straightening a joint |
depression | lowers a body part |
rotation | turns a bone on its own axis |
circumduction | turns at the far end |
supination | turns the palm upward |
pronation | turns the pam downward |
dorsiflexion | bends the foot upward at the ankle |
plantar flexion | bends the foot down at the ankle |
muscle origin | place where a muscle begins; more fixed attachment; nearest the midline |
muscle insertion | place where a muscle ends; the more moveable end of a muscle; farthest from the midline |
rectus | means straight |
oblique | slanted or at an angle |
transverse | crosswise |
sphincter | ringlike that constricts the opening of a passageway |
biceps | pertaining to two muscle divisions |
triceps | pertaining to three muscle divisions |
quadriceps | pertaining to four muscle divisions |
fascia | fibrous connective tissue that covers, supports, & separates muscle |
my/o | muscle |
myos/o | muscle |
fasci/o | fascia |
ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o | tendon |
orthopedic surgeon | treats injuries and disorders of bone, joints, muscle & tendons |
rheumatologist | treats disorders that involve inflammation of muscles |
neurologist | treats the cause of paralysis & similar muscular disorders where there is loss of function |
lateral | toward the side |
medial | toward the midline |
fasciitis | inflammation of the fascia |
tenalgia | pain in a tendon |
tendonitis | inflammation in a tendon |
atrophty | muscle weakness and wasting |
myalgia | muscle pain |
myolysis | degeneration of muscle |
myositis | inflammation of a muscle |
polymyositis | chronic, progressive disease that causes muscle weakness & atrophy |
myomalacia | abnormal softening of muscle tissue |
myosclerosis | abnormal hardening of muscle tissue |
myorrhexis | rupture of a muscle |
atonic | lack of normal muscle tone |
dystonia | condition of having abnormal muscle tone |
hypertonia | excessive muscle tone |
hypotonia | diminished muscle tone |
ataxia | inability to coordinate voluntary muscle movement |
dystaxia | difficulty controlling voluntary |
contracture | abnormal shortening of muscle tissue making the muscle resistant to stretching |
spasm | crmp; sudden, violent contraction of a muscle |
spasmodic torticollis | AKA 'wryneck'; stiff neck due to spasms that cause the neck to pull the head to one side |
kinesia | movement |
bradykinesia | extreme slowness of movement |
dyskensia | distortion or impairment of voluntary movement |
hyperkinesia | AKA hyperactivity; abnormally increased motor function |
hypokinesia | abnormally decreased motor function |
tardive dyskinesia | dyskinesia that appears as a side effect of long term use of certain antipsychotic drugs |
clonus | violent movement |
myoclonus | spasm or twitching of muscles |
singultus | myoclonus of the diaphragm; hiccups |
myasthenia | muscle weakness from any cause |
muscular dystrophy | inherited muscle disorder; causes muscle weakness without involvement of the nervous system |
Duchenne's muscular dystrophy | MD that appears in early childhood andprogresses slowly; survival rate rare past late twenties |
Becker's Muscular dystrophy | appears in adolescence or early adulthood; less severe; slower progression; life expectancy mid to late adulthood |
fibromyalgia | chronic disorder; unknown cause; aching pain, tender points, fatigue; not life threatening |
ergonomics | study of human factors that affect the design of tools and the work environment |
myofascial | referrs to muscle and fascia |
carpal tunnel syndrome | pain, burning, and tingling in the fingers caused by pressure on the median nerve as it passes through the carpal tunnel at the wrist |
radiculopathy | nerve pain caused by pressure on the spinal nerve roots; can occur in the neck or back |
epicondylitis | inflammation of the tissues surrounding the elbow |
plantar fasciitis | inflammation of the fascia of the plantar surface (sole) of the foot |
sprain | injury to a joint usually involving a stretched or torn ligament |
strain | injury to the body of a muscle or attachment of the tendon; usually involves a stretched or torn muscle or tendon |
shin splint | pain caused by the muscle tearing tearing away from the tibia |
paresis | weakness or slight paralysis of a muscle |
hemiparesis | slight paralysis of one side of the body |
paralysis | loss of sensation and voluntary muscle movements; due to disease or injury to the nerve supply |
paraplegia | paralysis of both legs |
paraplegic | a person sufferin gfrom paraplegia |
hemiplegia | paralysis of one side of the body |
quadriplegia | paralysis of all four extremities |
cardiplegia | paralysis of the muscles of the heart |
physical therapy | treatment to prevent disability or restore function through the use of exercise, heat, massage |
tenectomy | surgical removal of a lesion from a tendon or tendon sheath |
tenodesis | suture the end of a tendon to a bone |
tenotomy | surgical division of a tendon for relief of a deformity |
tenoplasty | surgical repair of a tendon |
TENORRHAPHY | suturing of a divided tendon |
myectomy | surgical removal of a portion of a muscle |
myoplasty | surgical repair of a muscle |
myorrhaphy | to suture a muscle wound |
ADL | activities of daily living; EX: bathing, brushing teeth, hair; dressing, eating , toileting |
range of motion exercises (ROM) | full range of a muscle's movement; help strength, flexibility, mobility |