Term | Definition |
define incomplete dominance | when 2 alleles don't mask each other |
define sex-linked trait | usually carried on x chromosomes |
define mutation | change in DNA |
define chromosome mutations | changes in structure of the chromosome or is a loss of an entire chromosome |
define deletion | a piece of chromosome breaks off |
define inversion | a piece of chromosome breaks off and reattaches itself in opposite direction |
define translocation | a piece of chromosome breaks off and reattaches itself to a non homologous chromosome |
define nondisjunction | replicated chromosomes do not break apart so one cell has an extra chromosome and one cell has one less |
what are the examples of nondisjunction | Downs syndrome, Turners syndrome, XYY, Kinefelters, Polygenetic traits |
what is Downs Syndrome | a person has an extra 21st chromosome |
what is Kinefelters | mentally challenged |
what is Turners syndrome | immature physical development |
what is XYY | linked men to violent crimes |
what is polygenetic traits | controlled by more than 1 gene |
what are the 4 roles of nondisjunction | how traits are inherited, explain characteristics, determine probability, use pedigrees and karyotypes |
3 characteristics of karyotype | pictures of chromosomes, identifying nondisjunction, can see extra or missing chromosome |
define amniocentesis | insert a large needle into uterus and remove amniotic fluid |
define fetoscopy | insert a camera or surgical tools |
define ultrasound | bounce sound waves to produce an image |
define pedigree | a record that traces how a trait is inherited |
what is a gene transfer | insert genetic material into virus which takes it to body cells and attacks them |
define genetic engineering | insert DNA from one organism to another |