Question | Answer |
What is the operational definition of climate? | A general description of the average temperature and rainfall conditions of a region over the course of a year |
The carrying agent of a disease is commonly defined as... | vector |
Lyme disease is carried by... | Borrelia burgdorferi which essentially serves as vector or carrying agent |
To a large extent Lyme disease is viewed as a... | cycle where forest ecosystems where a species (ex: mouse) control the growth of disease by introduced pests (ex: moths). Unfortunately, mouse destroys forest habitat (ex: eat acorn from oak trees) |
Toxicity assessment to assess the toxicity of chemical substances using rats, mice, and guinea pigs as surrogates for humans who might be exposed to the substances is primarily defined as... | Animal Testing |
3 tenets of environmental hazard are defined as follows: | 1. injury, disease, or death to humans
2. damage to personal or public property
3. deterioration or destruction of environmental components |
The probability of having a certain disease or injury is defined as.. . | risk |
The number of cancers that might develop due to exposure to different doses of a chemical is commonly defined as... | Dose Response Assessment |
Compare and contrast Morbidity and Mortality | 1. Morbidity is the incidence of disease in a population and community used to trace a particular disease or illness
2. Mortality refers to the incidence of death in a population; the cause of death could be kept using records. |
Lethal hazards are often... | outcome of purely voluntary behavior (smoking and drug use) |
Two ways to examine environmental hazards are defined as follows: | 1. Lack of access to resources
2. Exposure to hazards in the environment |
Cellular changes that result in uncontrolled growth are primarily defined as... | cancer formations |
Environmental hazards associated with please and short term benefit are... | cultural hazards |
Compare and contrast leading causes of mortality in developing and developed countries for 1998... | Infectious diseases are prominent in the developed countries while cancer and diseases of the cardiovascular system predominate in the developed countries |
World biggest killer according to WHO | poverty |
Most of deaths in developed countries are from... | degenerative diseases |
US income distribution and life expectancy... | US has great gap between wealthy and poor while life expectancy is 21st out of 157 countries in the world |
The most obvious example of personal pollutant... | smoking |
Smoking classification by EPA... | ETS (environmental tobacco smoke) is a Class A human carcinogen |
Late 1997 top tobacco companies reached... | uring late 1998 ---> 46 state a 206 billion dollar settlement |
Framework Convention on Tobacco Control | Adopted in 2003 and put into effect - a global treaty that aims to reduce the spread of smoking with the use of various strategies . |
Able to be consumed and broken down to natural substances such as carbon dioxide and water via biological organisms especially decomposes ----- | degradable material |
Sum of all chemical reactions that occur in the organism... | pollutant |
Protozoan parasite that contaminated water supply in Milwaukee Wisconsin in 1993... | Cryptosporidium parvum |
The non expert evaluation of risk which fails to comply with agreement of experts has a common term.... | risk perception |
Iron Oxide formation which takes place slowly over decades is governed by the following chemical reaction: | 4 Fe + 3 O2 ---> 2 Fe2O3 |
Atmospheric composition: | 78 % nitrogen
21 % oxygen
0.03 % carbon dioxide
1 % argon
many trace elements |
Demonstrates changes in atmospheric pressure through changes in the height of a mercury to prevent column that initially the glass tube | barometer |
Cigarette smoke primarily damages... | cilia |
Heavy metal extracted from vehicle exhausts and industrial processes: | lead |
Secondary pollutant produced from the interaction of hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides in sunlight: | ozone |
Dust, soot, metal particles from industrial processes, and so on: | particulate matter |
high nitrogen content in drinking water primarily due: | nitrates |
Incomplete combustion of fuels leads to: | carbon monoxide exhaustion |
Insulation chemicals found indoors | variety of asbestos |
Power plants exhaustion of engines && fixed combustion processes | nitrogen oxides & sulfur oxides |
The percentage of environmental causes of cancers is nearly: | 25-28 % according to WHO organization |