Question | Answer |
two types of amino acids | essential and non essential |
essential amino acids | cannot be made by body |
non essential amino acids | can be made by body |
conditionally essential amino acid | cannot be made from dietary essential amino acid. ex: PKU |
Eat protein to... | provide essential amino acids & provide enough protein to make non essential amino acids. |
Gastrin | hormone that increases gastric acid secretion (HCL) - uncoils and breaks down protein |
Pepsin | enzyme in the stomach activated by acidic environment |
proteases | secreted by pancreas and intestine - digest amino acids. |
peptidases | intestinal wall enzymes - digest smaller chains of amino acids |
Absorption | amino acids are absorbed across the intestinal wall, released into portal vein |
AA's in the liver are... | combined into protein, converted to glucose or fat, can be used for energy |
8 functions of proteins | building materials for growth/maintenance, enzymes, hormones, fluid balance, acid/base regulators, transporters, antibodies, energy source and glucose. |
protein turnover/AA pool | constant turnover, constantly used while others are built, no protein storage in body. |
nitrogen balance | amount of consumed nitrogen compared to nitrogen excreted (urine, feces, sweat). |
+ nitrogen balance | if amount consumed is more than amount excreted. Important during periods of growth (adolescence, pregnancy) |
- nitrogen balance | happens in extreme trauma, malnutrition, fever, infection |
complete protein | contain all essential AA in similar amounts needed by the body. (animal sources) |
Limiting amino acid | AA in least supply of a food item |
complementary proteins | combining AA so limiting AA are covered. |
Reference protein | egg |
Amino acid scoring | comparing to AA reference (egg) |
biological value | measured nitrogen absorbed |