Term | Definition |
matter | anything that has mass and takes up space |
mass | the material/ stuff that matter is made up of - it can be measured |
space/volume | the specific area/place that matter takes up |
density | D=m/v the amount of mass in a specific volume of space |
atom | smallest part of an element, the building blocks of all matter |
electron | particle of atom with negative charge, moves around the nucleus and has an attractive force that allows it to bond with other atoms creating everything in the universe |
proton | particle of an atom with a positive charge located inside the nucleus |
neutron | particle of an atom with a neutral / no charge located inside the nucleus along with the proton |
Periodic Table | large grid that identifies and classifies all of the elements by their chemical and physical properties |
element | the simplest substances that cannot be broken down/ they make up all matter in the universe |
periods/rows | rows that tell how many energy levels each elements has for the electrons move around |
groups or family/columns | columns that tell how many valence electrons each element has/ the number of electrons that can move on its outer shell/ energy level |
valence electrons | the electrons that move on the outer shell / energy level of an atom |
atomic number | how many protons an element has inside the nucleus / usually is the same number of neutrons and electrons |
atomic mass | the measurement of the mass for an elements atoms |
chemical property | the ability of substances to combine with one another forming new and different compounds and molecules |
physical property | the state of matter and appearance of a substance |
ionic bond | when elements either lose or gain an electron during bonding |
covalent bond | when elements share electrons during bonding |
chemical change/ reaction | elements bond together through the attractive force of electrons creating some type of reaction and change |
compound/ molecule | two or more elements combine together in a specific ratio/ pattern creating a whole, new and different substance |
mixture | two or more substances combine together keeping their original properties, they do NOT change into a new substance/ compound |
Nobel/ Gases | all of the elements in Group #18 - they are the most stable elements because they have eight electrons in their outer shell |
Halogens | all of the elements in Group #17 |