Term | Definition |
matter | anything that takes up space and has mass |
mass | the material that matter is made up of |
volume | how much room/space matter takes up |
density | D = m/v the amount of material/stuff matter takes up within a specific space |
atom | smallest part of an element, the building blocks of all matter |
electron | particle of an atom that surrounds the nucleus, it has a negative charge and attractive force to bond with other atoms |
proton | particle of an atom that has a positive charge located in the nucleus |
neutron | particle of an atom located in the nucleus with a neutral or no charge |
Periodic Table | A large grid that identifies and classifies the elements into periods and groups by their chemical and physical properties |
periods/rows | provides information for how many energy levels/shells that surround the nucleus where the electrons move |
groups/columns | provides information for how many valence electrons an element has in its outer shell |
atomic number | number of protons an element has inside its nucleus / usually the same # of neutrons and electrons |
element | the simplest substances in the world / cannot be broken down / they make up all matter in the universe |
chemical property | the ability of substances to bond with one another and create a whole, new substance |
physical property | the state of matter and appearance of a substance |
ionic bonding | when elements lose or gain an electron while bonding |
covalent bonding | when elements share an electron during bonding |
chemical change/reaction | elements bond together through the attractive force of electrons creating some type of reaction or change |
compound/molecule | two or more elements bond together in a specific ratio/pattern creating a whole new and different substance |
mixture | when two or more substances combine together, but DO NOT change into a new substance |
Nobel Gases | Group #18 - the most stable elements with 8 valence electrons in their outer shell |
Halogens | Group #17 - very reactive elements with 7 valence electrons in their out shell, they want to bond with other elements, especially Group #1 |
Alkali Metals | Group #1 - very reactive with only 1 valence electron, elements want to bond with others to become stable |
Metalloids | elements that are between metals and non-metals that can react like either one, these elements have 3-7 valence electrons |
states of matter | solid, liquid, gas, plasma, Bose-Einstein Condensate |
molecules of a solid | no movement, rigid |
molecules of a liquid | move back and forth, up and down, slowly |
water molecule | 2 Hydrogen and 1 Oxygen |