Question | Answer |
Heredity | the passing on of traits or characteristics from a parent to its offspring |
Trait | A quality that belongs to a certain person. |
Purebred | when two animals with the same traits sexually reproduce, the offspring is considered to be Purebred. |
Hybrid | when two animals sexually reproduce (and they both have different traits), the offspring is considered to be a hybrid. |
Offspring | the product of the reproductive process of an animal, or A child. |
Gene | DNA, heredity |
Alleles | a certain gene belonging to an organism |
Dominant | a gene that is shown physically in an organism |
Recessive | a gene that is hidden and cannot be shown on an organism |
Phenotype | characteristics of a certain organism |
Genotype | the genetic makeup of an organism |
Homozygous | when an organism has two of the same allele/gene. |
Codominance | when a pair of genes is neither dominant nor recessive |
Meiosis | the cell division to create sex cells |
Haploid Cells | A cell that is the result of meiosis and has half the number of chromosomes as the original cell. |
Diploid Cells | A cell that is the result of mitosis and has the same number of chromosomes as the original cell. |
Mutations | a change in a gene/chromosome |
Insertion | going into |
Deletion | to lose/take away |
Subsitution | to replace |
Sex-Linked Gene | genes that are carried by the sex chromosome carrier |
Sex Chromosome | a chromosome that determines the sex of an organism |
Genetic Disorder | a medical disorder caused by abnormality in DNA |
Pedigree | a purebred animal |
Selective Breeding | when humans selectively chose the phenotypes of an animal by choosing the two parents |
Inbreeding | a breed closely related to people or animals |
Clone | an organism that is produced asexually and is identical to its parent/maker |
Genetic Engineering | the modification of characteristics in a organism |
Gene Therapy | changing defective genes and replacing them with normal ones to correct gene disorders |
Respiration | where cells obtain energy from glucose |
Fermentation | the chemical breakdown of a substance or bacteria |
Cell Cycle | events in a cell as it grows |
Chromosomes | a structure of nucleic acids and proteins that carry genetic information |
Animal Cell | a eukaryotic cell containing a membrane surrounding the nucleus and the cell itself |
Plant Cell | a eukaryotic cell containing a membrane and cell wall around the cell itself; it also has several different organelles than the animal cell. |
Thymine | one of the four nucleobases in DNA |
Adinine | a Nucleobase with a variety of roles like cellular respiration. |
Heterozygous | when an organism has two different alleles. |