| Question |
Answer |
| absolute strength | developed through heavy weight training, typically the 80-80% of maximum effort for each lift |
| adaptation | the adjustment of the body or mind to achieve a greater degree of fitness to it's environment |
| adduction
| movement of a line toward middle axis of the body |
| adherence | sticking to an exercise position |
| adipose tissue | fat tissue |
| aerobic endurance | the ability to continue aerobic activity over a period of time |
| agility | your ability to combine limit strength starting strength, starting strength, explosive strength and dynamic balancein preforming a series of directional changes in rapid succession |
| anaerobic exercise | sort term activities in which muscle fibers derive contractile energy from store internal compounds without the use of oxygen from the blood |
| anaerobic threshold | the point where increasing energy demands of exercise cannot be met by the use of oxygen and an oxygen debt begins to be incurred |
| anatomy | the science of the structure of the human body |
| atrophy | withering away, a decrease in functional ability and size of bodily tissues and organs |
| ballistic movement | An exercise or sports related movement in which part of the body is "thrown" against the resistance of antagonist muscles or against the limits of a joint. |
| bodybuilding | the application of training sciences-particularly nutrition and weight training-to enhance musculature and physical appearance |
| body composition | the proportion of fat, muscle and bone making up the body. Usually expressed as percent of body fat and percent of lean body mass. |
| body fat | the percentage of fat in the body. In bodybuilding, the lower the percentage, the more muscular the physique appears. |
| bursa | a cushioning sac filled with a lubricating fluid that alleviates friction where there is movement between muscles, between tendon and bone, or between bone and skin. |
| circuit training | a series of exercises, performed one after the other, with little rest between. Resistance training in this manner increases strength while making some contribution to cardiovascular endurance as well. |
| concentric | muscle contraction in which the muscle shortens. This action is commonly called positive work. |
| conditioning | long-term physical training, typically used in reference to sports preparation. |
| connective tissue | a fibrous tissue that binds together and supports the structures of the body. |
| cool down | a gradual reduction of the intensity of exercise to allow physiological processes to return to nomal. Helps avoid blood pooling in the legs and may reduce muscular soreness |
| deadlift | one of three powerlifting events. A maximum (1-RM) barbell is lifted off the floor until the lifter is standing erect. |
| deltoids | the large triangular muscles of the shoulder, which raise the arm away from the body and are a prime mover in all arm elevation movements. |
| ectomorph | a thin person with a lean physique and light musculature |
| endomorph | a heavyset person with a predominantly round and soft physique
|
| endorphins | brain chemicals that ease or suppress pain. |
| eccentric | muscle contraction in which the muscle resists while it is forced to lengthen. This is commonly called "negative" work. |
| estrogen | the sex hormone that predominates in the female, but also has functions in the male |
| fast-twitch fibers | muscle fiber type that contracts quickly and is used most intensive, short duration exercises, such as weightlifting of sprints. |
| flexibility | your ability to flex, extend, or circumduct your body's joints through their full intended ranges of motion without substantial decrement in limit strength. |
| static balance | your ability to maintain control of your body's center of gravity over the center of your base of support |
| dynamic balance | your ability to maintain control of your body's center of gravity while moving or in flight. |
| strength endurance | your ability to maintain limit strength output time after time without fatigue limiting force output |
| local muscular endurance | a muscle's ability to perform sustained, sub-maximum force output over an extended period |
| speed endurance | your ability to maintain absolute maximum speed while sprinting requires both starting strength and the ability to display it time after time. Operating with the ATP/CP pathway of muscle energetics is the name of the game here. |
| cardiovascular/cardiorespiratory endurance | the efficiency with which you get oxygen to your working muscles while, at the same time, removing metabolic wastes |
| gluteals | abbreviation for gluteus maximus, medius, and minimus; the hip extensor muscles |
| hypertrophy (muscle) | increase in both gross muscle size as well as individual muscle cell size resulting from training (especially weight training) |
| inflammation | body's local response to injury, characterized by pain, with heat, redness, swelling and loss of function |
| kinesiology | study of human musculoskeletal movement also referred to as biomechanics |
| mesomorph | a person whose physique features powerful musculature |
| obliques | short for external and/or internal obliques, the muscles to either side of abdominals that rotate and flex the trunk. |
| periodization | "Periodized training" is a phrase which refers to how one training is broken down into discreet time periods called macrocycles, mesocycles, and microcycles. |
| plyometrics | a type of exercise that suddenly preloads and forces the stretching of a muscle an instant prior to its concentric actions. |
| power | a combination of strength and speed, strength x speed = power |
| powerlifts | three lifts contested in the sport of powerlifting: the squat, deadlift and bench pres |
| pronation | assuming a facedown position. of the hand turning the palm backward or downward. of the foot , lowering the inner side of the foot so as to flatten the arch |
| repetition | an individual completed exercise movement |
| resistance | the amount of weight used in each set of an exercise, or the force which a muscle is required to work against |
| slow-twitch-fibers | muscle fiber type that contracts slowly and is used most in moderate intensity, endurance exercises, such as distance running |
Ch.18 LTI-MA 509
