Question | Answer |
Water exists in nature in how many forms? What are these forms? | 3; Solid, liquid, gas |
At what temperature is water the most dense? | 4 degrees Fahrenheit |
Name the 2 types of attraction. | Cohesion and adhesion |
What property of water causes an attracting force? (Not Cohesion or Adhesion) | Polarity |
How many oxygen atoms are there in each normal water molecule? How many hydrogen atoms are in each normal molecule? | 1 Oxygen; 2 Hydrogen |
What property of water causes it to be the "universal solvent"? | Polarity |
Does the oxygen molecule in water have a negative or positive charge? | Negative |
Which is denser, water or ice? | Water |
How much salt is in average ocean water? | 35 ppt |
Freshwater has ___ ppt salinity. | >0.5 |
Brackish water has >___ to <___ ppt salinity. | 0.5; 35 |
What 2 oceans are party covered with sea ice? | Arctic and Southern |
What are the 2 sources of water for Earth's oceans? | Condensation and Meteors (comets and asteroids) |
What is salinity? | Salinity is a measure of the amount of dissolved solids in a mass of water. |
What are the 4 ways scientists classify ocean zones? | 1) Amount of sunlight
2) Temperature
3) Salinity
4) Density |
What are the 3 regions of a continental margin? | 1) Continental Shelf
2) Continental Slope
3) Continental Rise |
Upwelling causes water to move in this direction. | Up |
What is one benefit of upwelling? | Cold, nutrient-rich water is brought up to the surface where algae, fish and other living things are supported by it. |
Why do currents curve left (counter-clockwise) in the southern hemisphere? | Coriolis effect |
What is an ocean current? | An ocean current is a large volume of water flowing in a certain direction. |
What is a gyre? | A gyre is a circular system of currents. |
What are 5 major gyres? | 1) North Pacific gyre
2) South Pacific gyre
3) North Atlantic gyre
4) South Atlantic gyre
5) Indian Ocean gyre |
What causes density currents? | Density differences; water that is colder or more salty is more dense |
Surface currents are caused by _______? | Wind |