| Question |
Answer |
| Bones of the foot | comprised of three groups of bones which make up a total of 26 bones in each foot. |
| 7 tarsals | 2 ankle and 5 heel bones |
| 5 metatarsals | foot bones |
| 14 phalanges | 2 bones in the big toe and 12 bones in the other toes |
| The Ankle | is made up on the meeting of the lower leg bones (tibia and fibula) with the upper ankle bone (talus) |
| On the outside of the ankle is the fibula | a small thin bone which helps prevent the major ankle bone from shifting outward. |
| On the medial side of the ankle is a bump | which is the distal part of the tibia. |
| malleolus | means “hammer” in Latin, another name for the distal part of the tibia |
| The ankle joint is | more stable when the foot is flat on the floor. |
| The ankle is | held in place by the boney stabilizers of the fibula and malleolus because they are closer to the talus |
| The ankle | becomes less table when the toes are pointed because the distance between the boney stabilizers is larger |
| There is more danger of a sprain | when the toes are pointed down |
| If the foot is in dorsi flexion | it is more stable. |
| Six major soft tissue structures | hold the ankle in place. |
| Four soft tissue structures | are located on the outside of the ankle |
| All of these soft tissue structures? attach to the small ankle bone of the fibula. | |
| The most commonly injured ligament of the ankle | is the Anterior Talo-Fibular Ligament or ATFL. |
| The ATFL | is often sprained due to a rolling of the ankle during sideways movements with abrupt stops. |
| The second most commonly torn ligament is the | Calcanea – Fibular ligament which attaches the heel to the fibula. |
| The deltoid ligament | is on the inside part of the ankle and is triangle shaped like the Greek letter delta |
| The DL | attaches the Malleolus to the Talus, and is sometimes referred to at the strongest ligament in the body |
| Plantar Fasciitis | A condition that occurs when there is a large band of tissue on the bottom of the foot called the plantar fascia |
| Plantar | bottom of the foot |
| Fascia | Connective Tissue |
| Itis | Inflammation |
| Plantar Fasciitis Treatment | includes a stretching routine or foot massage first thing in the morning to loosen the tissue |
| Instability (Giving Away) | A feeling of instability to your foot or ankle after a single or multiple injuries mean there may be damage to the ligaments of the ankle and foot. |
| Instability | Can be caused by recurrent sprains, which indicate weakened ligaments |
| Popping/Snapping | of the ankles or feet without any associated pain or instability is considered to be normal. |
| Popping | is caused by the tendons and ligaments moving across joint structures during movement if the tendon or ligament is tight. |
| Subluxation | when tendons jump out of their normal position and then move back. |
| Dislocation | when these tendons move out and you may have to manually push them back into place. |
| Numbness | A feeling of pins and needles around your foot and ankle may indicate a compression of your nerves or a general problem with your nerves, such as that caused by diabetes or vascular problems. |
| Bunion | Malformation of the metatarsal phalageal joint of the big toe resulting in an enlarged bump on the joint of the medial foot. |
| Bunion Treatment | includes massage, stretching, plantar flexion, and relaxing the foot. |
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