Term | Definition |
Animal Science | combination of disciplines that together comprise the study of domestic animals |
Avian | pertaining to poultry and/or fowl |
Barrow | a castrated male hog |
Boar | an intact male hog |
Broiler | a chicken of either sex produced and used for meat purposes |
Buck | term used for both an intact male rabbit an intact male goat |
Calorie | measurement of food energy;a kilocalorie is the amount of heat to raise temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius |
Chick | young chicken or gamebird of either sex from 1 day old to about 5 to 6 weeks old |
Colt | young male horse |
Doe | a female goat; a female rabbit |
Domestic animals | species that have been brought under control by humans and have adapted to life with humans |
Equine | pertaining to horses |
Ewe | female sheep |
Foal | newborn horse of either sex; term is sometimes used up to the time of weaning, after which "colt" and "filly" are more likely used |
Gelding | castrated male horse |
Gilt | any female pig that has not given birth; sometimes producers use this term after the first litter is born and call a first-litter sow a first-litter gilt |
Hen | mature female chicken or turkey |
Husbandry | combined animal care and management practices |
Lamb | a sheep under 1 year of age; also, the meat from a sheep under 1 year of age |
Layer | a hen in the physiological state of producing eggs regularly |
Mare | mature female horse |
Meat | the flesh of animals used for food |
Per capita | per unit of population |
Pork | meat from a hog |
Poultry | domestic birds raised for eggs and meat |
Rooster | mature, male chicken; also referred to as "cock" |
Sow | female pig that has given birth |
Stallion | mature, male horse that is not castrated |
Tom | intact male turkey; also called a gobbler |
Beef | meat from cattle other than calves |
Bovine | refers to cattle |
Bull | intact male bovine |
Calf | young bovine animal under one year of age (male or female) |
Caprine | refers to goats |
Cwt | Abbreviation for hundredweight (100 lbs.) |
Heifer | young female bovine before having her first calf |
Mutton | meat from a sheep one year of age or older |
Ovine | refers to sheep |
Porcine | refers to swine |
Steer | castrated male bovine |
Biometry | application of statistics to topics in biology |
Filly | young female horse |
Agriculture | combination of science and art used to cultivate and grow crops and livestock and process the products |
Culture | set of occupational activities, economic structures, beliefs/values, social forms, and material traits that define our actions and activities |
Hunter-gatherers | people that support their needs by hunting game, fishing, and gathering edible and medicinal plants |
Farmers | anyone who practices agriculture by managing and cultivating livestock and/or crops |
Civilization | what we consider a fairly high level of cultural and technological development |
Genetics | science of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics |
Heredity | transmission of genetic characteristics from parent to offspring |
Animal breeding | use of biometry and genetics to improve farm animal production |
Genetic code | set of rules by which information encoded in genetic material is translated into proteins by living cells |
Nutrition | study of how organisms take in and use food/feed for body needs and how body uses nutrients |
Physiology | study of physical and chemical processes of an animal or any of the body systems of cells of the animal |
Animal health | study of how diseases, parasites, and environmental factors productivity and animal welfare |
Ethology | study of the biology of animal behavior |
Applied ethology | study of behavior in domestic animals |
Meat science | science of handling, distributing, and marketing meat and meat products |
Dairy product science | science of providing milk and milk products as food |
Biotechnology | collective set of tools and applications of living organisms, or parts of organisms, to make or modify products, improve plants or animals, or develop microorganisms for specific uses |
Omnivores | animals that eat both animal- and plant- based feeds |
Renewable resources | resources that can be replaced or produced by natural ecological cycles or management systems |
Nutrient density | measurement of the nutrients provided in a food compared to the calories it contains |
Diet | total of the foods and water being consumed by an individual or group |
Essential amino acids | amino acids required by the body that must be consumed in the diet |
Undernourished | receiving inadequate nourishment for proper health and growth |
Manure | What is a valuable by-product used for fertilizer and other applications? |
Draft animal | animal whose purpose is to perform work that involves hauling or pulling(ex:ox or horse pulling a plow) |
Slaughter by-products | What are the source of a large number of industrial and consumer products? |
Livestock revolution | large increases in supply and demand of livestock and animal products worldwide at the end of the 20th century and into the 21st century |
Green revolution | dramatic improvements in grain production in developing countries during the 1060s to the 1980s because of technological innovation and application |
Biofuel | gas or liquid fuel made form biological materials, such as crops and animal waste |