Term | Definition |
Alcohols | have general formula R-OH; high bp cuz of H bonding |
Chem is FON (fun) | F, O, and N do Hydrogen bonding |
Acids | have high Ka's but small pKa's |
How to increase acidity | resonance, electron withdrawing groups |
How to decrease acidity | electron donating groups |
Reduction | from carboxylic acid to aldehyde to primary alcohol
or
from ketone to secondary alcohol |
Oxidation | 1. from primary alcohol to aldehyde to carboxylic acid (more bonds to O means more oxidized)
2. secondary alcohol to ketone |
OH | is a terrible leaving group and must be protonated to form water to go through SN1 rxn |
alcohols | can be converted to tosylate group which makes it go thru SN2 rxn |
Oxidation of OH's | usually includes a form of chromium (chromium with lots of O2 means oxidation) |
Sodium/Potassium dichromate salt | oxidizes primary OH to COOH |
Jones Reagent | CrO3, sulfuric acid, acetone--primary OH to COOH or secondary OH to ketone |
Ether | compound with two alkyl groups bonded to an O2 atom; ROR |
Ether properties | low bp cause no H bonding; slightly polar, slightly water soluble |
Williamson ether synthesis | synthesis of ethers by alkoxides displacing halides via SN2 |
MCPBA | leads to oxirane (epoxide) |
Peroxides | highly explosive compounds ROOR |
Key Ether Rxn | 1. epoxide formation
2. SN1, most substituted and SN2, least sub; Williamson ether synthesis |