| Who? |
What? |
Why? |
| Benedict Anderson | coined "Imagined Community" | 1. Culure based upon Location & Commonalities;
2. to be POLITICALLY EXPEDIENT, cultures define themselves by their Traditions;
3. Culture is NESTED
|
| Ferdinand de Saussure (1857-1913) | made the distinctions between Utterance and Underlying Meaning | 1. Underlying Meanings EXPRESSED in different ways;
2. Parole , Langue;
3. Phonology, Morphology |
| Noam Chomsky | Linguist - DEEP structure | Deep Structure makes language UNIVERSAL to humans |
| Dell Hymes | Anthropological Linguist - focus on Surface Utterances | 1. surface utterances defined by Sub-cultures;
2. surface structures |
| Edward Sapir & Benjamin Wharf (1812) | Sapir-Wharf Hypothesis | 1. Debunked own theory;
2. Culture & Thought patterns influenced Language;
3. can only think about what can be described in Language
|
| Levi Strauss | Anthropological Linguist | 1. Culture is a way to impose ORDER on Environment - using binary order (cold/hot) |
| Franz Boas (1858-1942) | FOUNDER of American Anthropology | 1. debunked Biologically Defined Cultures;
2. defined Ethnocentrism |
Ch.18 LTI-MA 509
