Term | Definition |
Digestion | The process by which an organism breaks down its food into small units that can be absorbed by the body |
Ingestion | Starts the process of digestion/ When you eat or drink. |
Saliva | The spit in your mouth that breaks down starch. |
Chemical digestion | Second part of digestion/changes the chemical nature of food in order for it to be absorbed into your blood. |
Physical digestion | First part of digestion/breaks food up into little pieces. |
Physical and Chemical digestion | The two components of digestion. |
Which part of the digestive process are your teeth are a major participant of? | Physical digestion |
What are the parts of the Human Digestive System? | Mouth, Teeth, Salivary glands, Pharynx, Esophagus, Stomach, Small Intestine, Liver, Bile, Gall Bladder, Pancreas, Large intestine, Small intestine, Rectum, Anus |
How long does it typically take to digest food? | Around 13 hours |
Label the Digestive System | ask mom for paper |
Alimentary Canal is also called ___. | Digestive tract |
How long does it take for your body to get the nutrients you eat? | Within 3-8 hours |
name the organs that are a part of the digestive system but not a part of the alimentary canal. | Gall bladder, liver, salivary glands, and pancreas |
One organ of the digestive tract, however, has many blood vessels that pick up nutrients in order to distribute them throughout the body. Which organ has a lot of these blood vessels? | The small intestine has a lot of these blood vessels. |
Gingiva | Soft, shock absorbent gums in your mouth. |
Canine | Teeth used to tear food. |
Incisor | Teeth that are sharp and used to cut food. |
Premolars and molars | Teeth used to crush and grind food. |
Wisdom | Teeth on each side of jaw that appear much later than your other teeth. |
Conditioned response | Ivan Pavlov's theory that a body could be conditioned to produce saliva using senses other than taste and smell. |
Describe Pavlov's dog experiment | He rang a bell every time he fed his dog. Eventually, the dog's salivary glands would produce saliva whenever he rang the bell, even when there was no food to eat. |
Bolus | Soft lump of food after it has been cut, crushed, and ground up in your mouth. |
Soft palate | Part of mouth that rises, sealing off the nasal cavity so you can move the bolus (chewed up food) into the pharynx. |
Epiglottis | Small flap of cartilage that covers the larynx. |
Would you expect carnivores, herbivores, or omnivores to not have canine teeth? | Herbivores |
Why do you cough when you inhale smoke? | The smoke gets into your larynx, and the little particles in the smoke irritate the sensitive lining of the larynx, making you cough. |
Cardiac sphincter | Part of the esophagus that opens to allow food to land in the stomach. |
Rugae | Folds on the stomach wall that allow the stomach to expand. |
Gastric juice | Liquid in the stomach that mixes with the bolus (chewed up food). |
Hydrochloric acid | Most important chemical in the gastric juice. It kills bacteria, activates digestion, and helps dissolve food. |
Heartburn | Result of excess stomach acid leaking up and out of the stomach into the esophagus. |
Acids and bases | Two types of chemicals that are opposites of one another, so they cancel each other out. |
Neutralization | When acids neutralize the properties of bases. |
Pyloric sphincter | Ring of muscles in the small intestine. |
Duodenum | The first part of the small intestine where the rest of digestion takes place. |
Intestinal villi | Millions of projections that make up the inside wall of the small intestine. |
What are the three parts of the large intestine? | Cecum, colon, and rectum |
Where in the digestive tract does most of the absorption of nutrients occur? | Small intestine |
Does the stomach have any bacteria in it? | No, bacteria can't live in your stomach because of the stomach acid. |
Appendix | Little, worm shaped tube that branches off the large intestine at the cecum. |
Does the appendix serve any purpose in the human body? | Yes, it gives a place for some bacteria to go when bad bacteria has caused illness the intestines after a bad illness. |
Vestigial organ | A term that some uninformed scientists call a useless leftover body part that no longer has a purpose and is part of the process of evolution. |
Glycogen | A polysaccharide that animals typically use to store excess carbohydrates. |
If you must have your gall bladder removed, what macronutrient must be reduced in your diet? | Fat |
What happens in the gall bladder? | It concentrates bile and injects it into the small intestine. |
What does bile do? | It helps you digest fat. |
Suppose a person's liver is converting fats and amino acids into glucose. What can you conclude about the amount of glycogen that is currently available? | There is probably not a lot of glycogen available to the body |
Fats and amino acids are converted into ____ if glycogen is not readily available. | glucose |
Vitamin | A chemical substance that body needs in small amounts to stay healthy. |
Minerals | Inorganic crystalline substances from naturally in the earth. |
Micronutrients | Nutrients like vitamins and minerals needed in small doses. |
Anemia | When your body does not have enough iron. |
Iron | Mineral that transports oxygen throughout your body. |
Osteoporosis | When the bones become weak and break easily due to lack of calcium. |
Certain nutritional companies sell pills with amino acids in them. Sometimes they are called vitamin pills. Why is that name wrong? | Amino acids are not micronutrients. Remember, amino acids are the building blocks of PROTEINS. Thus, they are macronutrients, not vitamins. |