Term | Definition |
adams apple | protrusion in neck caused by fold of thyroid cartilage |
adenohypophysis | anterior lobeof pituitary gland |
adrenal cortex | outer portion of aderenal gland; controls metabolism, inflammation, Na and P rentention and effects of stress |
adrenal gland | situatied on top of kidney |
adrenlaine | secreted by adrenal medull |
adrenal edulla | inne portion of adrenal glands; release large quantities of hormones during stress |
adrenocorticotropic hormone | hormone secreted by anterior pituitary; control adrenal cortex |
aldosterone | hormone secreted by adrenal cortex; mineralocorticoid |
alpha cells | specialized cells tht produce glucagon in pancreas |
androgen | any male hormone |
antidiuretic hormone | posterior pituitary hormone tht increases water reabsorpition |
bet cells | specialized cells that produce insulin in pancreas |
calcitonin | hormone secreted by thyroid gland otherendocrine glands helps control blood calcium levels |
catecholamines | hormones released in response to stress |
corticosteroids | steroid produced by adrenal cortex |
cortisol | hydrocortisone |
ductless gland | endocrine gland |
electroyte | substance that conducts electricity and is decomposed by it |
endocrine gland | gland that secretes substances into bloodstream insteead of into ducts |
exocrine gland | gland that releases substance through ducts to specific location |
follicle stimulating hormone | hormone released by anterior pitutiary to aid in production of ova and pserm |
gland | organized mass of tissue secreting and excreting substances |
glucagon | released by pancreas to increase blood sugar |
glucocorticoids | released by adrenal cortex |
glycogen | converted glucose stored in liver for future use |
gorwth hormone | released by anterior pituitary for stimulating growth |
hormone | substance secreted by glands and carried in bloodstream to various parts of body |
hypophysis | pituitary gland |
hypothalamus | gland in nervous system releases hormones to aid in regulating pituitary hormones |
inhibiting factor | substance in hormone that prevents the secretion of other hormones |
insulin | substance released by pancreas to lower blood sugar |
islets of langerhans | specialized cells in pancreas that release insulin and glucagon |
isthmus | narrow band of tissue connencting the tow lobes of thyroid gland |
luteinizig hormone | hormone released to aid in maturation of ova and ovulation in femail, secretion of testerone in males |
melanocyte stimulating hormone | released by pituiatry gland; aids in development of melanin pigment in skin |
melatonin | released by pineal gland affects sexual function and sleep pattersn |
metabolism | chemical changes in cells that provide energy for vital processes and activities and thru which new material is assimilated |
mineralocorticoid | steroid secreted by adrenal cortex |
neurohypophysis | posterior lobe of pituitary gland |
norepinephrine | secreted by adrenal medulla |
oxytocin | released by posterior pitutiary gland to aid in uterine contractions and lactation |
ovary | reproductive gland in femals that secrete hormones in endocrine system |
pancreas | gland of both endocrine anddigestive system |
parathormone | parathyroid hormone |
parathyroid gland | 1 of 4 located adjavcent to thyroid gland on its dorsal surface that help maintain levels of blood ca |
parathyroid hormone | hormone released by parathyroid glands to help raise blood Ca leels |
pineal gland | located above pituitary gland secretes melatonin |
pituitary gland | majour endocrin gland; secretes hormones esesstial to metabolic functions |
receptor | targe cell with properties compatible with particular substance |
releasing factor | substance in hormone that allows secretion of other hormon |
somatotrophic | homone secrete by anterior pituitary gland important in growth and development |
suprarenal gland | adrenal gland |
sympathomimetic | mimicking functions of sympathetic nervous system |
target cell | cell with receptor that are compatible with specific hormones |
tstis | male organs that secrete hormones in endocrine |
thymus gland | part of immune systema s well as endocrine aids in maturation of T and B cells |
thyroid gland | two lbes located on either side of trachea help control blood Ca levvels and metabolic functions |
thyroid stimulating hormone | secreted by anterior pituitary gland; stimulates release of thyroid hormones |
thyroxine | compound found in or maunfactured for thyroid gland helps regulate metabolism |
triiodothyronine | thyroid hormone that stimulates growth |
vasopressin | hormone secreted by piuitary gland; raises blood pressure |
adeno | GLAND |
ADRENO; ADRENALO | ADRENAL GLANDS |
gluco | glucose |
glyco | glycogen |
gonado | sex glands |
pancreato | pancreas |
parathyroid | parathyroid |
thryo thryoido | thyroid gland |
acth | adrenocorticotropic hormone |
adh | antidiuretic hormone |
crh | corticotropin realsing hormone |
dm | diabetes melllitus |
ot | oxytoxin |
fsh | follicle stimulating hormone |
gh | growth hormone |
gtt | glucose tolerance tset |
hcg | human chorionic gonadotropin |
iddm | insulin dependent diabetes mellitus |
lh | luteinizing hormone |
msh | melanocyte stimulating hormone |
niddm | noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus |
pg | prostaglandins |
prl | prolactin |
pth | parathyroid hormone |
sth | somatotrpin hormone |
tsh | thyroid stimulting hormone |
blood sugar | test for glucose in blood |
fasting blood sugar | test for glucose in blood following fast of 12 hours |
glucose tollerance test | blood test for body's ability to metabolize carbs taken after 10-12 hr fast then repeated every hour for 4-6 hours after ingetsion of sugar solution |
glucosulated hemoglbin a1c | blood tst for an average of glucose levels over the previous 2-3 months |
postprandial blood sugar | test for glucos in blod two hours after meal |
radioactive immunoassay | test for measuring hormone levels in plasma; taken after radioactive solution is ingested |
radioactive iodine uptake | test for how quickly thyroid gland pulls in ingested iodine |
thyroid function test | test for levels of tsh t3 t4 in blood plasma to determine thyroid function |
thyroid scan | imaging test for thyroid abnormalities |
urine sugar | test for diabetes determined by presence of sugar in urine |
acidosis | abnormal accumulation of ketones in body |
acromegaly | abnormally enlarged features resulting from pituitary tumor and hypersecretion of growth hormone |
addison's disease | underactivity of adrena glands |
cushings syndrome | group of symptoms caused by overactivity of adrenal glands |
diabetes insipidus | condition caused by hypo secretion of atidiuretic hormone |
diabetes nephropathy | kidney disease due to diabetes |
diabetic neuropathy | loss of snesation in extremities due to diabetes |
diabetic retinopathy | gradual loss of vision due to diabetes |
dwarfism | abnormally stunted growth caused by hyposecretion of growth hormone congenital lack of thyroid gland or genetic defect |
exophthalmos | abnormal protrusion of eyes typical of graves disease |
gigantism | abnormall fasat and lareg growth casued by hypersecretion of growth hormone |
glucosuria | glucose in urine |
glycosuria | glucose in urine |
graves disease | overactivity of thyroid gland |
goiter | abnormally enlargement of thyroid gland |
hirsutism | abnormal hari growth due to an excess of androgens |
hyperadrenalism | overactivity of adrenal glands |
hyperparathroidism | overactivity of parathyroid glands |
hypersecretion | abnormally high secretion |
hyperthyroidism | overactivity of thyroid gland |
hypo adrenalism | underactivity of adrenal glands |
hypoglycemia | abnormally low level of glucose in blood |
hypoparathyroidism | underactivity of parathyroid gland |
hyposecretion | abnormally low secretions |
hypothyroidism | underactivity of thyroid gland |
ketoacidosis | condition of high acid levels caused by abnormal accumulation of ketones in body |
ketosis | condition caused by abnormal elease of ketones |
myxedema | advanced adult hypothyroidism |
pancreatitis | inflammation of pancreas |
poludipsia | excessive thirst |
polyuria | exxcessive excretion of urin |
syndrome in inapprpriate adh | excessive secretion of antidiuretic hormone |
tetany | neurological sndrome usually due to decrease serum levels of Ca in blood |
thyrotoxicosis | state of dangerousl high levels of thyroid hormones |
type I diabetes | endocrine disorder with abnormally low or completely absent levels of inslin; insulin dpendent diabetes mellitus |
type II diabetes | diseasecaused by failure of body to recognize insulin that is present or by and banormally low level of insulin; noninsulin dependent diabtetes mellitus; adult onset |
virilism | condition with excessive androgen productino often resulting ina ppearance of mature male characterisitics in young |
adenectomy | removal of gland |
adrenalectomy | removal of adrenal gland |
hypophysectomy | removal of piuitary gland |
[ancreatectomy | removal of pancreas |
parathyroidectomy | removal of one or more of parathyroid glands |
thymectomy | removal of thymus gland |
thyroidectomy | removal of thyroid gland |
antihyperglycemic | agent that lowers blood glucose |
antihypogycemic | agent that raises blood glucose |
hormone replacement therapy | ingestion of hormones to replace missing one |
human growth hormones | naturally occurring subsatance in body that prmotes growth; synthesie substace that seves the same function |
hypoglycemic | agent that lowers blood glucose |
radioactive iodine therapy | use of radioactive iodine to eliminate thyroid tumors |
steroid | hormoe or chemical substance released b several endocrine glands or manufactured in various medications |