Term | Definition |
Motion | A change in position over time |
Reference Point | An object used for comparison with the object in motion |
Position | An object's location in relation to a reference point |
Qualitative | Describes motion |
Quantitative | Measuring motion |
Velocity | Speed plus Direction |
Distance | How far the object traveled |
Time | Measures how long it took the object to travel the distance |
Speed | The distance an object travels in a period of time |
Theory of Plate Tectonics | Earth's plates move slowly in various directions through convection energy transfer in the mantle (some push away, some push together) |
Plate | Large pieces of lithosphere that are in constant motion |
Lithosphere | The rocky outer shell of Earth includes the crust and upper mantle (brittle and rigid) more solid |
Asthenosphere | Lies below the lithosphere with a low density and very ductile much hotter (plastic and flowing) more liquid |
Plate Boundary | Region where two tectonic plates meet |
Transform | Plates slide side by side |
Convergent | Plates move towards each other |
Oceanic-Continental Convergent | More dense and subducts the continented plate creating and ocean trench and a chain of volcanoes |
Continental-Continental Convergent | Two plates collide creating a mountain rage |
Oceanic-Oceanic Convergent | Collide to create volcanoes and islands in between |
Divergent | Plates move away from each other |
Oceanic-Continental Divergent | Forms mid-oceanic ridges leading to underwater volcanoes give rise to volcanic islands |
Continental-Continental Divergent | Produce rift valleys eventually creating oceanic plates |
Acceleration | Rate of change, direction, or both |
Forces | Pushes or pulls
(a combination is a twist |
Kinetic Energy | A force acts on a stationary object and causes motion |
Force Diagram | Show the forces acting on an object and whether they are balanced or unbalanced |
Newton's 1st Law of Motion | An object in motion remains in motion and a object at rest remains at rest unless acted on an unbalanced force |
Newton's 2nd Law of Motion | F=MA |
Weight | A force. Measured in Newton's (N) |
Friction | A force oppose motion between 2 surfaces that are touching |
Newton's 3rd Law of Motion | For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction |
Waves | A disturbance that travels through a medium from one location to another offering transferring energy |
Transverse | Causes vibration in the medium in perpendicular direction to its own motion |
Longitudinal | Have vibrations along or parallel to their direction of travels |
Wavelength | The distance between adjacent crests, measured in meters |
Period | The time it takes for a complete to pass a given point, measured in seconds |
Frequency | the # of complete waves pass a point in one second measured in Hertz (Hz) |
Crest | The highest part of a wave |
Amplitude | How far the medium waves when the wave passes through |
Trough | The lowest point in a wave |
Refraction | The change in direction of a wave due to a change in its speed |
Visible Light | ROY G BIV (red has a longer wavelength) |
Seismic Waves | Carry energy from an earthquake away from the focus, through Earth's interior and across the surface |
Primary(P)Waves | Can travel through all states of matter through compressions and rarefactions much like an accordion |
Secondary(S)Waves | Cannot move through liquids; move back and forth and up and down (transverse wave) |