Term | Definition |
physical properties | characteristics that can be observed or measured without changing the makeup of the substance |
examples of physical properties | mass, weight, volume, density, shape, size, color, smell, texture |
physical change | a change that does not produce new substances |
a phase change is | a physical change |
chemical properties | characteristics that can only be observed by changing the makeup of the substance |
chemical change | a change that produces new substances |
what happens to the matter in a physical change | the matter is the same. the original matter can be recovered. |
what happens to the matter in a chemical change | the matter is different. the old matter is no longer present. the original matter can not be recovered. |
what happens to the particles in a physical change | the particles are simply re-arranged |
what happens to the particles in a chemical change | the particles of the substance are broken apart, and the atoms are re-arranged into new particles, forming a new substance |
mixture | two or more substances that have been combined physically not chemically |
mixtures can be separated by | physical means |
homogeneous mixture | a mixture in which all substances appear one color |
heterogeneous mixture | a mixture in which all substances have more than one color |
filtration | separates bigger particles from smaller particles |
evaporation | some particles turn to gas and others stay behind |
distillation | evaporating a a liquid and then condensing it again |
magnitism | separating a mixture where one substance has magnetic properties |
solution | a mixture in which one substance is dissolved in another substance |
dissolve | to mix evenly |
soluble | able to dissolve in water |
insoluble | unable to dissolve in water |
solute | the substance that does the dissolving |
solvent | the substance in which a solute disolves |
universal solvant | water |
polar molecule | a molecule in which one end has a positive charge and the other has a negative charge |
aqueous solution | a solution where liquid water is a solevent |
gaseous solution | a solution in which a solid, liquid, or gas is dissolved in a gas |
solid solution | a solution in which a solid, liquid, or gas is dissolved in a solid |
stirring | allows solute particles to squeeze in between solvent particles |
crushing | breaks particles into smaller pieces |
heating | makes particles move faster and farther apart |