Question | Answer |
Hilar | pertaining to hilum (indentation in an organ). |
Caliceal | pertaining to the calyx. |
Pelvic | pertaining to the pelvis (hip bone). |
Ureteral | pertaining to the ureter. |
Peristalsis | Abnormal condition that contracts to move around. |
Vesical | pertaining to the bladder; fluid-filled sac |
Urethral meatus | an orifice or meatus of the urethra. |
Spincter | a muscular ring that relaxes when the bladder is full so that urine can flow into the urethra. |
Prostatic | pertaining to the prostate gland. |
Glomerular | networks of interwining capillaries. |
Proximal convoluted tubule | portion of the duct system of the nephron of the kidney which leads from Bowman's capsule to the loop of Henle. |
Urination | a process of urine. |
Micturition | a process of making urine. |
Glomerulonephritis | inflammation of the kidney glomerulus. |
Hydronephrosis | abnormal condition of the kidney fluid. |
Nephrolithiasis | state of a kidney stone. |
Diabetic Nephropathy | progressive damage to the glomeruli because of diabetes mellitus. |
Nephroptosis | Abnormally low position of a kidney. |
Ascites | a grossly enlarged, fluid-distended abdomen. |
Polycystic kidney disease | Hereditary disease characterized by cysts in the kidney that eventually destroy the nephrons. |
Pyelonephritis | inflammation and infection of the renal pelvis of the kidney. |
Acute renal failure | occurs suddenly and is usually due to trauma, severe blood loss, or overwhelming infection. |
Chronic renal failure | gradual worsening with progressive damage to the kidneys from chronic, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. |
Uremia | condition of the blood in the urinary system. |
Nephroblastoma | malignant renal tumor of young children characterized by hypertension and blood in the urine and the presence of a palpable mass. |
Interstitial Cystitis | a chronic, progressive infection in which the bladder mucosa becomes extremely irritated and red, with bleeding. |
Cystocele | hernia of the bladder. |
Neurogenic bladder | Urinary retention due to a lack of innervation of the nerves of the bladder. |
Urinary retention | Inability to empty the bladder because of an obstruction. |
Vesicovaginal fistula | Formation of an abnormal passageway connecting the bladder to the vagina. |
Epispadias | Congenital condition in which the female urethral meatus is in an abnormal location near the clitoris. |
Urethritis | Inflammation or infection of the urethra. |
Proteinuria | major protein in the blood. |
Anuria | Absence of urine production by the kidneys because of acute or chronic, renal failure. |
Bacteriuria | Presence of bacteria in the urine. |
Dysuria | Difficult or painful urination. |
Enuresis | Involuntary release of urine in an otherwise normal person who should have a bladder control. |
Glycosuria | Glucose in the urine. |
Hematuria | Blood in the urine. |
Incontinence | Inability to keep urine in the bladder. |
Ketonuria | ketone bodies in the urine. |
Nocturia | increase frequency and urgency of urination during the night. |
Oliguria | Decreased production of urine due to kidney failure. |
Polyuria | Excessive production of urine due to diabetes mellitus or diabetes insipidus. |
Pyuria | White blood cells in the urine, indicating a urinary tract infection. |
Blood urea nitrogen | Test that measures the amount of urea. |
Culture and Sensitivity | Test that put urine onto culture medium in a Petri dish to identify the cause of a urinary tract infection. |
Leukocyte esterase | Test that detects esterase, an enzyme associated with leukocytes (white blood cells) and a urinary tract infection. |
24-hour creatinine clearance | Test that collects all urine for 24 hours to measure the total amount of creatinine "cleared" (excreted) by the kidneys. |
Urinalysis | Test that describes the urine and detects substances in it. |
Specific gravity | Measurement of the concentration of the urine as compared to that of water. |
Acidic | pertaining to acid. |
Alkaline | pertaining to a base. |
Urinometer | Instrument used to measure urine. |
Intravenous pyelography | Procedure that uses x-rays and radiopaque contrast dye. |
Nephrotomography | Procedure that uses a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scan and radiopaque contrast dye injects intravenously. |
Renal angiography | Procedure that uses x-rays and radiopaque contrast dye. |
Renal scan | Procedure that uses a radioactive isotope injected intravenously. |
Voiding cystourethrography | Procedure that uses x-rays and radioplaque contrast dye. |
Catherization | Procedure in which a catheter is inserted through the urethra and into the bladder to drain the urine. |
Suprapubic catheter | inserted through the abdominal wall and into the bladder. |
Hemodialysis | a shunt or a fistula to allow easy and reliable access to the blood. |
Peritoneal Dialysis | uses a permanent catheter inserted through the abdominal wall. |
Cystoscopy | Procedure that uses rigid of flexible cystoscope inserted through the urethra in order to examine the bladder. |
Nephrectomy | Procedure to surgically remove a diseased or cancerous kidney. |
Lithotripsy | Procedure that uses sound waves to break up a kidney stone. |
Nephrolithotomy | Procedure in which a small incision is made in the skin and an endoscope is inserted in a percutaneous approach into the kidney to remove a kidney stone. |
Transurethral resection of a bladder tumor | procedure to remove a bladder tumor from inside the bladder. |
Diuretic | pertaining to urine completely passing through. |
Antispasmodic | pertaining to against a spasm. |
Urinary analgesic | pertaining to sensation of no pain in the urinary system. |
ARF | acute renal failure |
BUN | blood urea nitrogen |
cath | catheterize or catheterization |
C | culture and sensitivity |
CRF | chronic renal failure |
cysto | cystoscopy |
ESRD | end-stage renal disease |
ESWL | extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy |
GU | genitourinary; gonococcal urethritis |
HCTZ | hydrochlorothiazide (drug) |
I | intake and output |
IVP | intravenous pyelography |
KUB | kidneys, ureters, bladder |
Sp gr, SG | specific gravity |
TNTC | too numerous to count |
UA | urinalysis |
UTI | urinary tract infection |