Question | Answer |
Difference between sex and gender | Sex is biological and gender is socially learned expectations which may begin as soon as the sex of a fetus is known. |
Biological determinism | Men have more testosterone so they're more manly |
Hermaphroditism | Condition caused by irregularities in the process of chromosome formation. |
Gender socialization | Men and women learn the expectations of their sex |
Agents of gender socialization | family, schools, religion, media |
Family | They might encourage a boy to be tough or a girl to be gentle. ex. give only boy toys or girl toys |
Schools | Teachers have different expectations of each gender. Boys get more attention. Books communicate gender expectations |
Religion | Authority of men over women. Women leaders have declined |
Media | Men outnumber women on TV. Women are seen as young sex objects, they are thin and reinforce the ideal body type |
Prices of conformity | Men take steroids to be more muscular while women starve themselves to be skinnier. Men are also violent and powerful over women and may not show any emotions. |
Patriarchy | Men have power over women in a certain group such as religion or workplace |
Overt discrimination towards women | Men keep power in a subtle way |
Human capital theory | Assumes that the economic market is fair and competitive wages rely on the work habits of an individual. |
Dual Labor Market Theory | Men and women earn different wages bc they tend to work in different segments of the work force. |
Primary market for jobs | Jobs are stable, good wages and opportunities |
Secondary jobs | Low wages, constant job turn over, poor conditions, etc. |
Informal Sector | Greater wage inequality, no benefits, little or no employees. |
Which jobs do women tend to take? | Secondary while men take primary. |
Functionalism theory on gender | Genders are mixed roles in society. Men are instrumental while women are expressive |
Conflict theory on gender | Women are disadvantaged by power, economic instability, and political/social systems due to males. |
Symbolic interaction theory on gender | Theoretical perspective that interprets gender as something accomplished through the ongoing social interactions of people. People produce gender by what's interpreted from their social interactions. |
Feminist theory | Beliefs and actions that support justice, fairness, equality for all women regardless of differences. 30-40% of women |