Question | Answer |
Nephr/o OR ren/o | Kidney(s) |
The kidneys are located on each side of the spinal column in the | Flank OR retroperitoneal region |
The kidneys are bilateral organs responsible for: | 1.)removing Nitrogenous(N)wastes from the blood
2.)Regulating fluid(H2O)balance AND Blood Pressure(BP)
3.)Maintaining pH balance (pH=acid alkaline)
4.)Hemopoiesis (hematopoiesis)=Formation and creation |
Examples of Nitrogenous(N) waste include: | 1.)Urea( I just met a girl named urea)
2.)Uric acid
3.)Creatinine |
The kidneys regulate water balance in the body by regulating the | Salts |
The salts of the body are called | Electrolytes("lytes") |
Electrolytes("Lytes")include: | 1.)sodium(Na)
2.)Potassium(K)
3.)Chloride(CL) |
Remember-where salt goes,water(H2O)follows which means | If you retain salt(Na)you will retain water(H2O) |
Excess fluid can be referred to as | Edema(edematous) |
Nephron | A kidney cell |
Nephritis | Inflammation of a kidney |
Nephrectomy | Surgical removal of a kidney |
Nephromegaly | Enlargement of a kidney |
Nephroptosis | Drooping or sagging(prolapse)of a kidney |
Nephroma | Tumor or mass of a kidney |
Hydronephrosis | Abnormal condition of excess water(fluid)in a kidney |
Nephrohypertropy | Excessive growth OR developement of a kidney |
Nephrolithiasis | Abnormal condition of (a)kidney stone(s) |
A stone is AKA | Calculus<--(singular) |
Stones are called | Calculi<---(plural) |
Nephrogram | A record (X-ray) of a kidney |
Nephrography | The process of recording(X-ray)a kidney |
Nephrosonography | The process of recording a kidney using sound waves |
Nephrostomy | An artificial opening into a kidney |
Nephropexy | Surgical fixation of a kidney |
Nephrotomography | The process of recording X-ray picture slices of a kidney |
Nephroscopy | The process of veiwing a kidney with a lighted instrument |
Renal | Pertaining to a kidney |
Infra | Below |
Infrarenal | Pertaining to below a kidney |
Renal biopsy(Bx) | Cytology test of a kidney sample |
Renogram | A record of a kidney using injectable radioactive contast material |
Radioactive Diagnostic Imaging(DI)is performed in | Nuclear medicine |
Renal transplant(transplantation) | Surgical implantation of a donor kidney to replace nonfunctioning kidneys |
Ureter/o | Ureter(s) |
The ureters are | Bilateral tubes(vessls,ducts)that carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder(two "e"s two tubes) |
Ureteritis | Inflammation of a ureter |
Ureterostenosis | Narrowing(stricture) of a ureter |
Ureterotomy | Surgical incision of a ureter |
Ureterectomy | Excision of a ureter |
Ureterolithiasis | Abnormal condition of stone(s) in the ureter |
Ureterocele | Hernation of a ureter |
Ureterogram | A record(X-ray) of a ureter |
Ureterostomy | An artificial opening into a ureter |
Cyst/o OR vesic/o | Urinary bladder |
The urinary bladder is | An elastic sac that acts as a reservoir(storage container)for urine |
Cystitis | Inflammation of the urinary bladder |
Cystectomy | Excision of the urinary bladder |
Cystolithiasis OR vesicolithiasis | An abnormal condition of a stone(s)in the urinary bladder |
Cystocele OR vesicocele | Herniation of the urinary bladder |
Cystotomy OR vesicotomy | Surgical incision of the urinary bladder |
Cystouteterogram OR vesicoureterogram | A record(X-ray)of the urinary bladder AND ureter |
Cystolithotomy OR vesicolithotomy | Surgical incision of the urinary bladder to remove a stone(s) |
Cystolithectomy | Surgical removal of a stone(s)in the urinary bladder |
Vesicoureteral reflux(VUR) | Backward flow(reflux) of the urine from the urinary bladder into a ureter |
Cystorrhaphy | Suturing the urinary bladder |
Cystostomy OR vesicostomy | An artificial opening into the urinary bladder |
Cystogram | A record (X-ray) of the urinary bladder |
Cystography | The process of recording (X-ray) the urinary bladder |
Cystoscope | a lighted instrument to veiw the urinary bladder |
Cystoscopy | The process of veiwing the urinary bladder with a lighted instrument |
Pyel/o | Renal pelvis |
A renal pelvis is where | A ureter connects to a kidney |
Pyelitis | Imflammation of a renal pelvis |
Pyelonephritis | Imflammation of a renal pelvis AND a kidney |
Intravenous Pyelogram(IVP)OR Intravenous Urogram(IVU) | A record(X-ray)of the renal pelves after IntraVenous(IV)injection of a radiopaque(contast)dye |
Pyelolithotomy | Surgical incision of a renal pelvis to remove a stone(s) |
Pyelolithectomy | Surgical removal of a stone in a renal pelvis |
Pyeloplasty | Surgical repair of a renal pelvis |
Pyelostomy | An artificial opening into a renal pelvis |
Cystopyelogram | A record(X-ray)of the urinary bladder AND renal pelvis |
Cystopyelography | The process of recording(X-ray)the urinary bladder AND renal pelvis |
Urethr/o | Urethra |
The female urethra is the | Vessel(duct,tube)that carries urine from the urinary bladder to the urethral(urinary)meatus(os,orifice)(one E one tube) |
Urethrocystitis | Inflammation of the urethra AND urinary bladder |
Urthropexy | Surgical fixation of the urethra |
Urethroplasty | Surgical repair of the urethra |
Urethrotomy | Surgical incision of the urethra |
Urethroscope | A lighted instrument to veiw the urethra |
Urethrometer | An instrument to measure the urethra |
Urethrostomy | An artificial opening into the urethra |
Cystourethrogram | A record(X-ray)of the urinary bladder AND the urethra |
Azot/o | Nitrogen(N) |
Azotemia(azotemic) | A blood condition of excissive Nitrogenous(N)waste AKA Uremia (uremic) |
Urin/o OR ur/o | Urine |
Urine | Fluidic waste produced by the kidneys |
UrinAlysis(UA) | A chemical analysis of urine |
Urologist | A specialist in the study of the urinary system AND the male reproductive system |
Urinal | A calibrated receptacle(container)for urine |
Calibrated (calibration)refers to a | Method of measurement |
-Uria | Urine OR urination |
Nocturia | A condition of chronic(persistent)night urination |
Dysuria(dysuric) | A condition of painful or difficult urination |
Anuria(anuric) | A condition of no urine production |
Hematuria | A condition of blood in the urine |
Bacteriuria(bacteriuric) | A condition of bacteria in the urine |
Oliguria (oliguric) | A condition of scanty(deficient)urine |
Pyuria | A condition of pus in the urine |
Pus primarily consists of | Necrosed leukocytes(WBCs) |
Glycosuria(glycosuric) | A condition of glucose(sugar) in the urine |
Ketonuria OR ketones | A condition of ketones(acetones)in the urine |
Albuminuria OR proteinuria | A condition of albumin (protein)in the urine |
Urinate OR urination | The act of discharging (releasing)urine AKA void(ing)OR micturition(micturate) |
Urinary frequency | The urge to void at frequent intervals |
Urinary hesitancy | Involuntary delay in intiating(starting)micturition |
Urinary retention | Accumulation of urine in the urinary bladde due to the inability to uinate |
Urinary urgency | An unusually sudden urge to void |
Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy(ESWL) | Crushing stone(s)using sound waves from outside the body |
Diuresis(diuretic) | Increased secretion of urine AKA polyuria |
Lithotrite | Instrument used to crush a stone in the urinary bladder |
Fulguration | Destruction of tissue with an electric spark(cauterization) |
Urinary catheter(cath) | Flexible tube-like device for withdrawing AND installing fluids |
Indwelling(retention)urinary catheter | A urinary catheter that remains within the Patient(PT) |
Foley | A manufacturer of urinary catheters |
CBI | Continuous Bladder Irrigation |
The solution commonly used for continuous Bladder Irrigation(CBI)is | Normal Saline Solution(NSS) |
Straight OR non-retention catheter | A urinary catheter that is inserted to obtain a specimen OR to empty the urinary bladder AND then removed |
Residual urine | Urine that remains in the urinary bladder after voiding |
Distended(distention) | Stretched out |
Involunary urinaion AKA | Urinary incontinence |
Hemodialysis(HD) | Artificial removal of toxins(poisons)from the blood |
Another type of dialysis is | Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis(CAPD) |
Hypokalemia(hypokalemic) | A blood condition of deficient potassium(K) |
HperNatremia(hpernatremic) | A blood condition of excessive sodium(Na) |
Stricture | Abnormal narrowing(stenosis) |
Clean catch(midstream)urine sample | A technique used to obtain an uncontaminated urine sample |
BUN | Blood Urea Nitrogen |
A Blood Urea Nitrogen(BUN)is a | BLOOD TEST for kidney function |
KUB | A NON RADIOPAQUE X-ray of the kidneys,ureters,AND urinary bladder |
VCUG | Voiding CystoUrethrogram |
UTI | Urinary Tract Infection |
NaCI | Sodium chloride(table salt) |
KCI | Potassium chloride |
GU | Genitourinary |
pH | A measure of acidity OR alkalinity |
Gravid/o OR cyes/o OR cyes/i | Pregnancy AKA gestation |
Pregnancy(gestation)is the | development of a fertilized Ovum |
Cyesis | Pregnancy(gestation) |
Cyesiology | The study of pregnancy(gestation) |
Pseudocyesis | False pregnancy(gestation) |
Salpingocyesis | Pregnancy(gestation)occuring in a fallopian tube AKA tubal pregnancy |
Amni/o OR amnion/o | Amnion |
The amnion is the | Membranous sac that surrounds the embryo/fetus |
Amniocentesis | Surgical puncture of the amnion |
An amniocentesis is usually performed after | 14 weeks of gestation(pregnancy) |
Amniotic fluid will be aspirated AND tested to detect | Genetic anomalies(abnormalities) |
Amnioscope | A usually lighted instrument used to view the amnion |
Amnioscopy | The process of using a lighted instrument to veiw the amnion |
Amnionitis | Inflammation of the amnion |
Amniorrhea | Flow(discharge)of amniotic fluid |
Amniorrhexis | Rupture of the amnion |
The layperson would say that their | "water broke" |
Amniotomy | Surgical incision of the amnion |
The layperson would say that the doctor | "broke my water" |
An amniotomy is performed to | Induce(initiate)labor |
Fet/o | Fetus |
Fetal | Pertaining to a fetus |
Fetogram | A record of a fetus AKA sonogram |
Fetometry | The process of measuring a fetus |
Nat/o | Birth AKA parturition |
Natal | Pertaining to birth(parturition) |
Prenatal | Pertaining to before birth(parturition) |
Postnatal | Pertaining to after birth(parturition) |
Neonatal | Pertaining to a New Born (NB)AKA neonate(1st four weeks) |
Par/o OR part/o | birth(s) |
Para | Number of births |
Para III | Three births |
Primiparous | Pertaining to the first birth |
Multiparous(multip) | Pertaining to more then one birth |
Nulliparous | Pertaining to no births |
Antepartum | Pertaining to before birth |
Intrapartum | Pertaining to within (during)labor AND birth |
Postpartum | Pertaining to after birth |
Omphal/o(willy wonka) | Umbilical cord |
The umbilical cord connects the embryo/fetus to the | Placenta |
The layperson calls the placenta the | "afterbirth" |
The placenta is the | Connection between the embryonic/fetal blood AND maternal (mother)blood |
Omphalitis | Imflammation of the umbilical cord |
Omphalocele | Congenital herniation of the abdominal contents through the umbilical cord |
Congenital | Acquired during pregnancy(gestation) |
Lact/o | Milk |
Lactic | pertaining to milk |
Lactogenic | Pertaining to production of milk(lactation) |
Viable(viability) | The ability of a fetus to live outside of the uterus |
Dystocia | A condition of difficult labor OR delivery(parturition) |
Embryotocia | Delivery (parturition)of an embryo AKA "spontanous abortion"OR miscarriage |
Abortion | Termination of pregnancy(gestation) |
Abruptio placentae(placental abruption) | Permature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall |
Placenta previa | Abnormally low implantation of the placenta on the uterine wall |
Cleft lip(labia)AND/OR cleft palate | Congenital split of a lip(labia)AND/OR roof of the oral cavity(palate) |
A cleft is a | Fissure,crack OR groove |
Palatoplasty | Surgical repair of a palate |
Labioplasty | Surgical repair of a lip(labia) |
Embryogenic | Pertaining to creation of an embryo |
Embryoid | Resembling a embryo |
Embryologist | A specialist in the study of embryos |
Gravida | Number of pregnancies |
Gravida III para II means | Three pregnancies AND two births |
Gravida II para III means | Two pregnancies AND three births |
Gravida II para III indicates | Twins OR triplets |
Identical twins | ONe fertilzed ovum(egg)spilts AND the genetic material (DNA)is shared |
Fraternal twins | Ovulation of two ova(eggs)which are fertilized |
Ovulation | Expulsion of am ovum(egg)from an ovary |
Primigravida | First pregnancy(gestation) |
Multigravida | More then one pregnancy(gestation) |
Nulligravida | No pregnancies |
Gravidopuerperal | Pertaining to pregnancy (gestation)AND immediately after birth(parturition) |
Effacement | Shortening,thinning AND stretching of the vagina during labor |
Ectopic pregnancy | Pregnancy(gestation)occuring outside of the uterus |
Pelvimetry | The process of measuring the pelvis |
Breech birth | A malpresentation (malposition)where the fetus is not in a head first (cephalic)position |
Vertex presentation(optimal) | The occipal(back) portion of the fetal head leads the way during parturition AKA Right OccipitoAnterior(ROA)AND Left OccipitoAnterior(LOA) |
Lochia | Vaginal discharge after birth (parturition) |
Meconium(macaronium) | First stool(black)of the neonate |
Obstetrics(OB) | Medical specialty dealing with gestation AND puerperium |
Puerperium | Period of time covering six weeks after birth(parturition) |
Infant | The offspring from the 5th week to 1 year |
Premature infant | Neonate(newborn)before 37 weeks of gestation(pregnancy) |
Isolette | A transparent container where premature neonates(newborns)are placed to receive warmth AND O2(oxygen)AKA an incubator |
Apgar score | An evaluation of a neonate's extrauterine ability at 1 minute AND 5 minutes after birht AND includes:Heart Rate(HR)respiratory effort,muscle tone,reflexs,AND color |
C/S OR C-section | Cesarean Section |
A C-section(C/S)is | Delivery of the offspring through an abdominopelvic incision |
EDD | Estimated Date of Delivery AKA the "due date" |
RDS | Respiratory distress Syndrome |
NICU | Neonatal Intensive Care Unit |
IVF | In Vitro Fertilization |
In Vitro Fertilization(IVF)refers to | ova fertilized outside of the body AND artificially inseminated |
L+D | Labor and Delivery |
Chorionic Villus Sampling | A Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS)is a test to detect fetal genetic abnormalities(anomalies) |
HCG OR hCG | Human Chorionic Gonadotropin |
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin(HCG) is a | Hormone that can be detected in the serum OR urine of a pregnant woman |
EPT | Early Pregnancy Test(detects HCG) |
IUGR | IntraUterine Growth Rate |
R/O | Rule Out(vaginal bleeding R/O embryotocia) |
FEKG | Fetal Electrocardiogram |
FHR | Fetal Heart Rate |
FHT | Fetal Heart Tone |
Fetal Electrocardiogram (FEKG)Fetal Heart rate(FHR)AND Fetal Heart Tone (FHT) all refers to | Fetal monitoring |